用身体感知分布匹配,让仿真更贴近真实机器人的运动表现。
Simulator Adaptation for Sim-to-Real Learning of Legged Locomotion via Proprioceptive Distribution Matching

- 通过比较仿真与真实机器人的关节观测和动作分布,无需时间对齐或外部传感器。
- 仅用不到5分钟硬件数据,就显著减少双足行走时的运动漂移。
- 适合希望低成本适配仿真环境的机器人控制研究者。
基于仿真的四足机器人运动策略在实际硬件上常因仿真与现实之间的动力学差异导致性能下降,亟需改进仿真本身以更贴近真实行为。以往方法依赖精确的时间对齐关节与基座轨迹匹配,需动捕、特权传感器及严格初始条件。本文提出一种基于本体感知分布匹配的实用替代方案,将硬件与仿真运行结果作为关节观测和动作的分布进行对比,无需时间对齐或外部传感。以此度量为黑箱目标,探索通过参数识别、动作增量模型和残差执行器模型来调整仿真动力学。在Go2四足机器人上的广泛仿真-仿真测试表明,该方法在参数恢复和策略性能提升方面达到特权状态匹配基线水平。真实实验显示,仅使用不足五分钟硬件数据,即可显著降低复杂双足行走任务中的运动漂移。结果证明,本体感知分布匹配为实现仿真到现实的足式运动迁移提供了一条高效且可行的路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Simulation trained legged locomotion policies often exhibit performance loss on hardware due to dynamics discrepancies between the simulator and the real world, highlighting the need for approaches that adapt the simulator itself to better match hardware behavior. Prior work typically quantify these discrepancies through precise, time-aligned matching of joint and base trajectories. This process requires motion capture, privileged sensing, and carefully controlled initial conditions. We introduce a practical alternative based on proprioceptive distribution matching, which compares hardware and simulation rollouts as distributions of joint observations and actions, eliminating the need for time alignment or external sensing. Using this metric as a black-box objective, we explore adapting simulator dynamics through parameter identification, action-delta models, and residual actuator models. Our approach matches the parameter recovery and policy-performance gains of privileged state-matching baselines across extensive sim-to-sim ablations on the Go2 quadruped. Real-world experiments demonstrate substantial drift reduction using less than five minutes of hardware data, even for a challenging two-legged walking behavior. These results demonstrate that proprioceptive distribution matching provides a practical and effective route to simulator adaptation for sim-to-real transfer of learned legged locomotion.
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