通过彩色纹理映射与仿真，评估福特皮卡外饰可见性以优化人机交互设计
Using Unwrapped Full Color Space Recording to Measure the Exposedness of Vehicle Exterior Parts for External Human Machine Interfaces
- 将车身网格展开为唯一色彩纹理，模拟行人视角下的可视区域
- 发现前保险杠、格栅和引擎盖最常被行人看到，但易被同向车辆遮挡
- 建议在挡风玻璃与前翼子板同步部署eHMI，提升信息传递可靠性
自动驾驶车辆与道路使用者（尤其是行人）的沟通是安全关键问题。外部人机界面（eHMI）通过车外电子设备显示车辆意图，如减速或让行。本文采用网格面展开至唯一色彩纹理的技术，并在Unity游戏引擎中运行一系列动画仿真，评估2015年款福特F-150 King Ranch在四向交叉口时，各部位被试图过街行人看到的频次。结合车身部件颜色标注图分析，结果显示前保险杠、格栅和引擎盖最常可见，但同车道其他车辆可能遮挡这些区域，导致信息不可靠。研究建议采用分布式eHMI布局，在挡风玻璃与前翼子板同时设置显示装置，以增强信息传递效果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
One of the concerns with autonomous vehicles is their ability to communicate their intent to other road users, specially pedestrians, in order to prevent accidents. External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) are the proposed solution to this issue, through the introduction of electronic devices on the exterior of a vehicle that communicate when the vehicle is planning on slowing down or yielding. This paper uses the technique of unwrapping the faces of a mesh onto a texture where every pixel is a unique color, as well as a series of animated simulations made and ran in the Unity game engine, to measure how many times is each point on a 2015 Ford F-150 King Ranch is unobstructed to a pedestrian attempting to cross the road at a four-way intersection. By cross-referencing the results with a color-coded map of the labeled parts on the exterior of the vehicle, it was concluded that while the bumper, grill, and hood were the parts of the vehicle visible to the crossing pedestrian most often, the existence of other vehicles on the same lane that might obstruct the view of these makes them insufficient. The study recommends instead a distributive approach to eHMIs by using both the windshield and frontal fenders as simultaneous placements for these devices.
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