arXiv:2604.11416cs.LG2026-04

首次实现神经网络对标签翻转攻击的精确认证,大幅减少所需分区数。

Exact Certification of Neural Networks and Partition Aggregation Ensembles against Label Poisoning

  • 利用白盒信息整合各分区证书,提升认证精度
  • 在CIFAR-10上可多认证26.5%的标签翻转
  • 仅需原方法1%的分区数,适合高安全性场景

标签翻转攻击通过篡改训练标签导致推理时误分类,是监督学习模型的重大威胁。现有认证框架依赖集成技术(如平滑或分区聚合),但将基础分类器视为黑箱,导致保证过于保守。本文提出EnsembleCert,首个利用基础分类器白盒知识的分区聚合集成认证框架。通过聚合每个分区的白盒证书,在多项式时间内计算整体集成保证。为高效提取白盒知识,我们提出ScaLabelCert,基于神经正切核揭示充分宽神经网络与核方法的等价性。ScaLabelCert首次实现对神经网络标签翻转攻击的精确、多项式时间可计算认证。EnsembleCert在性能上不低于或显著优于现有黑箱方法:在CIFAR-10上,中位数可多认证26.5%的标签翻转,且分区数仅为前者的1/100,挑战了‘强鲁棒性需大量分区’的普遍认知。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Label-flipping attacks, which corrupt training labels to induce misclassifications at inference, remain a major threat to supervised learning models. This drives the need for robustness certificates that provide formal guarantees about a model's robustness under adversarially corrupted labels. Existing certification frameworks rely on ensemble techniques such as smoothing or partition-aggregation, but treat the corresponding base classifiers as black boxes, yielding overly conservative guarantees. We introduce EnsembleCert, the first certification framework for partition-aggregation ensembles that utilizes white-box knowledge of the base classifiers. Concretely, EnsembleCert yields tighter guarantees than black-box approaches by aggregating per-partition white-box certificates to compute ensemble-level guarantees in polynomial time. To extract white-box knowledge from the base classifiers efficiently, we develop ScaLabelCert, a method that leverages the equivalence between sufficiently wide neural networks and kernel methods using the neural tangent kernel. ScaLabelCert yields the first exact, polynomial-time calculable certificate for neural networks against label-flipping attacks. EnsembleCert is either on par, or significantly outperforms the existing partition-based black box certificates. Exemplary, on CIFAR-10, our method can certify upto +26.5% more label flips in median over the test set compared to the existing black-box approach while requiring 100 times fewer partitions, thus, challenging the prevailing notion that heavy partitioning is a necessity for strong certified robustness.

神经网络安全认证标签攻击白盒分析

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。