arXiv:2604.11843cs.CV2026-04

统一自适应多比特水印技术,让自回归图像生成模型可隐藏信息且防破解。

UniMark: Unified Adaptive Multi-bit Watermarking for Autoregressive Image Generators

  • 动态分组代码本,用密钥实现安全嵌入
  • 分块编码+纠错码,支持多比特信息可靠传输
  • 适配多种生成架构,抗多种图像攻击

针对自回归(AR)图像生成的不可见水印技术近年来受到关注,用于保护图像版权和追踪生成内容。然而现有方法存在三大缺陷:(1)仅支持零比特水印用于二值验证,无法传递多比特信息;(2)依赖静态代码本划分策略,一旦分区暴露即易受安全攻击;(3)仅适配特定AR架构,难以跨不同生成范式通用。本文提出 extbf{UniMark},一种无需训练的统一水印框架,解决上述问题。其核心包含三部分: extbf{自适应语义分组(ASG)},根据语义相似性和密钥动态划分代码本条目,兼顾图像质量与安全性; extbf{分块多比特编码(BME)},将令牌序列分块,各块编码不同比特并使用纠错码,确保消息可靠传输; extbf{统一令牌替换接口(UTRI)},抽象嵌入流程,支持下一令牌预测(如LlamaGen)和下一尺度预测(如VAR)两种范式。提供检测误码率与嵌入容量的理论分析。在三个AR模型上的实验表明, extbf{UniMark} 在图像质量(FID)、水印检测准确率及多比特信息提取方面均达到当前最优,且对裁剪、JPEG压缩、高斯噪声、模糊、色彩抖动、随机擦除等攻击具有强鲁棒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Invisible watermarking for autoregressive (AR) image generation has recently gained attention as a means of protecting image ownership and tracing AI-generated content. However, existing approaches suffer from three key limitations: (1) they embed only zero-bit watermarks for binary verification, lacking the ability to convey multi-bit messages; (2) they rely on static codebook partitioning strategies that are vulnerable to security attacks once the partition is exposed; and (3) they are designed for specific AR architectures, failing to generalize across diverse AR paradigms. We propose \method{}, a training-free, unified watermarking framework for autoregressive image generators that addresses all three limitations. \method{} introduces three core components: \textbf{Adaptive Semantic Grouping (ASG)}, which dynamically partitions codebook entries based on semantic similarity and a secret key, ensuring both image quality preservation and security; \textbf{Block-wise Multi-bit Encoding (BME)}, which divides the token sequence into blocks and encodes different bits across blocks with error-correcting codes for reliable message transmission; and \textbf{a Unified Token-Replacement Interface (UTRI)} that abstracts the watermark embedding process to support both next-token prediction (e.g., LlamaGen) and next-scale prediction (e.g., VAR) paradigms. We provide theoretical analysis on detection error rates and embedding capacity. Extensive experiments on three AR models demonstrate that \method{} achieves state-of-the-art performance in image quality (FID), watermark detection accuracy, and multi-bit message extraction, while maintaining robustness against cropping, JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, blur, color jitter, and random erasing attacks.

图像水印自回归生成多比特嵌入安全鲁棒

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。