用不确定性引导采样,提升轨迹优化的探索能力和收敛速度。
Uncertainty Guided Exploratory Trajectory Optimization for Sampling-Based Model Predictive Control
- 将轨迹建模为不确定性椭球的概率分布,增强多样性。
- 在无障碍环境快72.1%,杂乱环境成功率高6.7%、快66%。
- 适合需要大幅偏离常规路径的复杂场景机器人控制。
轨迹优化严重依赖初始解。尤其在复杂环境中,基于采样的方法对初始解敏感,探索有限常导致陷入局部最优。本文提出不确定性引导探索性轨迹优化(UGE-TO),通过生成空间上分离的样本,实现配置空间更优覆盖。UGE-TO将轨迹表示为由不确定性椭球诱导的概率分布,不仅涵盖动作空间,还整合系统动态影响。通过在分布间施加海林格距离的分离约束,提升轨迹多样性,实现系统性探索,增强对局部极小值的鲁棒性。进一步提出UGE-MPC,将UGE-TO集成至基于采样的模型预测控制框架中。实验表明,在相同采样预算下,UGE-MPC相比基线在无障碍环境实现72.1%更快收敛,在杂乱环境中成功率高6.7%、收敛快66%。此外,通过多种仿真与真实世界实验验证了方法有效性,结果表明UGE-MPC在需显著偏离参考轨迹以避免失败的场景中表现更优。项目与代码见https://ogpoyrazoglu.github.io/cuniform_sampling/。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Trajectory optimization depends heavily on initialization. In particular, sampling-based approaches are highly sensitive to initial solutions, and limited exploration frequently leads them to converge to local minima in complex environments. We present Uncertainty Guided Exploratory Trajectory Optimization (UGE-TO), a trajectory optimization algorithm that generates well-separated samples to achieve a better coverage of the configuration space. UGE-TO represents trajectories as probability distributions induced by uncertainty ellipsoids. Unlike sampling-based approaches that explore only in the action space, this representation captures the effects of both system dynamics and action selection. By incorporating the impact of dynamics, in addition to the action space, into our distributions, our method enhances trajectory diversity by enforcing distributional separation via the Hellinger distance between them. It enables a systematic exploration of the configuration space and improves robustness against local minima. Further, we present UGE-MPC, which integrates UGE-TO into sampling-based model predictive controller methods. Experiments demonstrate that UGE-MPC achieves higher exploration and faster convergence in trajectory optimization compared to baselines under the same sampling budget, achieving 72.1% faster convergence in obstacle-free environments and 66% faster convergence with a 6.7% higher success rate in the cluttered environment compared to the best-performing baseline. Additionally, we validate the approach through a range of simulation scenarios and real-world experiments. Our results indicate that UGE-MPC has higher success rates and faster convergence, especially in environments that demand significant deviations from nominal trajectories to avoid failures. The project and code are available at https://ogpoyrazoglu.github.io/cuniform_sampling/.
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