用边界精简地图更新,让激光雷达建图更快更省内存。
D-BDM: A Direct and Efficient Boundary-Based Occupancy Grid Mapping Framework for LiDARs

- 只更新边界外的体素,减少90%以上计算量。
- 更新时间比基线方法降低67%,内存占用减少52%。
- 适合实时自动驾驶与机器人导航场景。
高效可扩展的3D占据栅格映射对未知环境中的自主机器人应用至关重要。传统占据栅格表示存在两大局限:一是显式存储三维空间所有体素导致内存消耗过大;二是全量射线投射带来高更新延迟。近期方法通过仅维护二维边界上的体素缓解内存压力,但仍依赖完整射线投射更新。本文提出一种高效的边界更新框架D-BDM,引入截断射线投射策略,将体素遍历限制在边界外部,大幅减少需更新体素数量。同时,设计直接边界更新机制,无需辅助局部3D占据栅格,进一步降低内存开销并简化更新流程。在多个公开数据集上的大量实验表明,该方法相比基线及先前边界方法,显著降低了更新时间(最多降低67%)和内存消耗(最多减少52%),且保持高精度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Efficient and scalable 3D occupancy mapping is essential for autonomous robot applications in unknown environments. However, traditional occupancy grid representations suffer from two fundamental limitations. First, explicitly storing all voxels in three-dimensional space leads to prohibitive memory consumption. Second, exhaustive ray casting incurs high update latency. A recent representation alleviate memory demands by maintaining only the voxels on the two-dimensional boundary, yet they still rely on full ray casting updates. This work advances the boundary-based framework with a highly efficient update scheme. We introduce a truncated ray casting strategy that restricts voxel traversal to the exterior of the boundary, which dramatically reduces the number of updated voxels. In addition, we propose a direct boundary update mechanism that removes the need for an auxiliary local 3D occupancy grid, further reducing memory usage and simplifying the map update pipeline. We name our framework as D-BDM. Extensive evaluations on public datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves significantly lower update time and reduced memory consumption compared with the baseline methods, as well as the prior boundary-based approach.
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