arXiv:2604.13331cs.LG2026-04ACL

用大模型补全医学知识图谱关系,提升电子病历概念表示效果。

Text-Attributed Knowledge Graph Enrichment with Large Language Models for Medical Concept Representation

论文配图:Text-Attributed Knowledge Graph Enrichment with Large Language Models for Medical Concept Representation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 结合病历数据与大模型提示,构建包含语义关系的医学知识图谱。
  • 在MIMIC-III/IV上预测性能显著提升,优于传统方法。
  • 适合需要高质量医学概念表示的临床研究与系统开发。

在电子健康记录(EHR)挖掘中,学习高质量的医学概念表示(如标准化诊断、药物和操作代码)是下游临床预测的基础。然而,概念表示学习面临两大挑战:(i) 现有本体资源常缺失关键跨类型依赖关系(如诊断-药物、药物-操作),限制复杂病历模式建模;(ii) 结构化资源中缺乏丰富临床语义,即便有文本也难以融入知识图谱进行表示学习。为此,我们提出MedCo——一种由大语言模型驱动的医学概念表示学习框架。MedCo首先基于统计可靠的病历关联与类型约束的LLM提示,构建全局医学代码知识图谱;随后利用LLM生成节点描述与边推理理由,将文本语义注入图结构,形成文本属性图;最后联合训练经LoRA微调的LLaMA文本编码器与异构GNN,融合文本语义与图结构,生成统一的概念嵌入。在MIMIC-III和MIMIC-IV上的大量实验表明,MedCo持续提升预测性能,并可作为标准EHR流水线的有效即插即用概念编码器。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In electronic health record (EHR) mining, learning high-quality representations of medical concepts (e.g., standardized diagnosis, medication, and procedure codes) is fundamental for downstream clinical prediction. However, ro bust concept representation learning is hindered by two key challenges: (i) clinically important cross-type dependencies (e.g., diagnosis medication and medication-procedure relations) are often missing or incomplete in existing ontology resources, limiting the ability to model complex EHR patterns; and (ii) rich clinical semantics are often missing from structured resources, and even when available as text, are difficult to integrate with KG structure for representation learning. To address these challenges, we present MedCo, an LLM empowered graph learning framework for medical concept representation. MedCo first builds a global knowledge graph (KG) over medical codes by combining statistically reliable associations mined from EHRs with type-constrained LLM prompting to infer semantic relations. It then utilizes LLMs to enrich the KG into a text-attributed graph by generating node descriptions and edge rationales, providing semantic signals for both concepts and their relationships. Finally, MedCo jointly trains a LoRA-tuned LLaMA text encoder with a heterogeneous GNN, fusing text semantics and graph structure into unified concept embeddings. Extensive experiments on MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV show that MedCo consistently improves prediction performance and serves as an effective plug-in concept encoder for standard EHR pipelines.

医学知识图谱大模型概念表示临床预测

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