考虑风速不确定性的无人机配送路径规划,提升续航可靠性。
Robust Energy-Aware Routing for Air-Ground Cooperative Multi-UAV Delivery in Wind-Uncertain Environments

- 构建随风变化的动态能量图,实时评估返航可行性
- 相比静态与贪婪方法,任务成功率提升显著,风致失败减少
- 适合需要高可靠性的空中-地面协同无人机物流系统
在风速不确定的环境中,保障无人机配送任务的能源可行性对安全与可靠性至关重要。现实中的车-机物流系统中,无人机需在飞行过程中面对部分可观测的时变风况完成送货并安全返航。然而,现有多数路径规划方法依赖静态或确定性能耗模型,在动态风场下表现不可靠。本文提出电池高效路由(BER),一种面向风敏感的在线风险感知规划框架,用于车助式多无人机配送。问题被建模为时间依赖的能量图上的路径规划,边权随风致气动效应动态变化。BER持续评估返航可行性,在即时能耗与不确定性风险间取得平衡。该方法嵌入分层空地协同架构,融合任务分配、路径规划与去中心化轨迹执行。在虚幻引擎生成的合成ER图及准真实风速日志上进行大量仿真表明,与静态和贪婪基线相比,BER显著提升了任务成功率,减少了风致故障。结果凸显了在动态风条件下整合实时能量预算与环境感知对无人机配送规划的重要性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ensuring energy feasibility under wind uncertainty is critical for the safety and reliability of UAV delivery missions. In realistic truck-drone logistics systems, UAVs must deliver parcels and safely return under time-varying wind conditions that are only partially observable during flight. However, most existing routing approaches assume static or deterministic energy models, making them unreliable in dynamic wind environments. We propose Battery-Efficient Routing (BER), an online risk-sensitive planning framework for wind-sensitive truck-assisted UAV delivery. The problem is formulated as routing on a time dependent energy graph whose edge costs evolve according to wind-induced aerodynamic effects. BER continuously evaluates return feasibility while balancing instantaneous energy expenditure and uncertainty-aware risk. The approach is embedded in a hierarchical aerial-ground delivery architecture that combines task allocation, routing, and decentralized trajectory execution. Extensive simulations on synthetic ER graphs generated in Unreal Engine environments and quasi-real wind logs demonstrate that BER significantly improves mission success rates and reduces wind-induced failures compared with static and greedy baselines. These results highlight the importance of integrating real-time energy budgeting and environmental awareness for UAV delivery planning under dynamic wind conditions.
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