arXiv:2604.13757cs.AIcs.HC2026-04

将AI智能拆解为三层,显著降低延迟与能耗。

Rethinking AI Hardware: A Three-Layer Cognitive Architecture for Autonomous Agents

论文配图:Rethinking AI Hardware: A Three-Layer Cognitive Architecture for Autonomous Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分层设计:规划、推理、执行各层对应不同硬件,异步通信
  • 任务延迟降75.6%,能耗降71.1%,离线完成率达77.6%
  • 适合追求高效能、低功耗的自主智能系统研发者

下一代自主AI系统不仅受限于模型能力,更受智能在异构硬件间结构方式的制约。当前云中心AI、本地推理和边缘-云流水线等范式将规划、推理与执行视为单一过程,导致不必要的延迟、能耗及行为连续性断裂。我们提出三魂架构(Tri-Spirit),一种三层认知框架,将智能分解为规划(超层)、推理(代理层)和执行(反射层),分别映射至不同计算底座,并通过异步消息总线协调。该系统形式化包含参数化路由策略、习惯编译机制(将重复推理路径转为零推理执行策略)、收敛记忆模型及显式安全约束。我们在2000个合成任务的可复现仿真中对比了云中心与纯边缘基线。三魂架构使平均任务延迟降低75.6%,能耗减少71.1%,大语言模型调用减少30%,并实现77.6%的离线任务完成率。结果表明,认知分解而非单纯模型扩展,是提升AI硬件系统效率的关键驱动力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The next generation of autonomous AI systems will be constrained not only by model capability, but by how intelligence is structured across heterogeneous hardware. Current paradigms -- cloud-centric AI, on-device inference, and edge-cloud pipelines -- treat planning, reasoning, and execution as a monolithic process, leading to unnecessary latency, energy consumption, and fragmented behavioral continuity. We introduce the Tri-Spirit Architecture, a three-layer cognitive framework that decomposes intelligence into planning (Super Layer), reasoning (Agent Layer), and execution (Reflex Layer), each mapped to distinct compute substrates and coordinated via an asynchronous message bus. We formalize the system with a parameterized routing policy, a habit-compilation mechanism that promotes repeated reasoning paths into zero-inference execution policies, a convergent memory model, and explicit safety constraints. We evaluate the architecture in a reproducible simulation of 2000 synthetic tasks against cloud-centric and edge-only baselines. Tri-Spirit reduces mean task latency by 75.6 percent and energy consumption by 71.1 percent, while decreasing LLM invocations by 30 percent and enabling 77.6 percent offline task completion. These results suggest that cognitive decomposition, rather than model scaling alone, is a primary driver of system-level efficiency in AI hardware.

AI架构认知计算能效优化自主系统

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