用睡眠图真实性引导无监督迁移,提升移动端睡眠监测抗信号退化能力
Unsupervised domain transfer: Overcoming signal degradation in sleep monitoring by increasing scoring realism

- 通过判别器引导预训练模型微调,对齐目标域特征空间
- 在不同信号退化下,Cohen's kappa 提升0.03至0.29,无性能下降
- 适合无标签数据下的真实场景睡眠监测,但尚未达理论最优
目的:探究睡眠图‘真实性’能否用于指导无监督方法,处理移动睡眠监测中任意类型的信号退化。方法:将预训练的先进‘u-sleep’模型与判别器网络结合,将目标域特征对齐到预训练阶段学习的特征空间。为验证该方法,对源域施加真实信号退化,测试其对各类退化的适应能力。将结果模型与针对每类迁移任务设计的最佳有监督模型进行对比。主要结果:根据退化类型,无监督方法使Cohen's kappa提升0.03至0.29,且所有迁移任务中性能均未下降。然而,该方法未达到估计的理论最优性能;在两项真实睡眠研究间存在域差异时,增益不显著。意义:‘判别器引导微调’是处理野外睡眠监测信号退化的一种有趣方法,具有潜力。尤其对睡眠数据本身的特性提供了新见解。但需进一步开发方可投入实际应用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Objective: Investigate whether hypnogram 'realism' can be used to guide an unsupervised method for handling arbitrary types of signal degradation in mobile sleep monitoring. Approach: Combining a pretrained, state-of-the-art 'u-sleep' model with a 'discriminator' network, we align features from a target domain with a feature space learned during pretraining. To test the approach, we distort the source domain with realistic signal degradations, to see how well the method can adapt to different types of degradation. We compare the performance of the resulting model with best-case models designed in a supervised manner for each type of transfer. Main Results: Depending on the type of distortion, we find that the unsupervised approach can increase Cohen's kappa with as little as 0.03 and up to 0.29, and that for all transfers, the method does not decrease performance. However, the approach never quite reaches the estimated theoretical optimal performance, and when tested on a real-life domain mismatch between two sleep studies, the benefit was insignificant. Significance: 'Discriminator-guided fine tuning' is an interesting approach to handling signal degradation for 'in the wild' sleep monitoring, with some promise. In particular, what it says about sleep data in general is interesting. However, more development will be necessary before using it 'in production'.
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