arXiv:2604.15001cs.AI2026-04被引 3

让LLM生成的硬件代码同时优化正确性和性能功耗,效果优于传统方法。

COEVO: Co-Evolutionary Framework for Joint Functional Correctness and PPA Optimization in LLM-Based RTL Generation

论文配图:COEVO: Co-Evolutionary Framework for Joint Functional Correctness and PPA Optimization in LLM-Based RTL Generation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 在进化搜索中同步优化正确性与面积、延迟、功耗,不分离步骤。
  • 在VerilogEval 2.0上达97.5%通过率,49个设计中有43个表现最佳性能。
  • 支持多目标权衡分析,无需手动调权重,适合芯片设计自动化研究者。

基于大模型的RTL代码生成越来越关注功能正确性与PPA(面积、延迟、功耗)质量的双重目标,但现有方法普遍将二者解耦,仅在完全正确后才优化PPA。这导致部分结构有潜力但尚未完全正确的候选方案被系统性淘汰。此外,现有方法将多目标PPA空间简化为单一标量评分,掩盖了各指标间的权衡关系。为此,我们提出COEVO,一种将正确性与PPA优化统一于单一进化循环中的共演化框架。COEVO将正确性作为与面积、延迟、功耗并列的连续优化维度,依托增强型测试平台提供细粒度评分与诊断反馈。自适应正确性门控结合退火机制,使具有潜力但部分错误的候选方案仍可引导搜索向联合最优解逼近。为保留完整的PPA权衡结构,COEVO采用四维帕累托非支配排序,配置化层内排序,替代标量适应度,避免手动加权。在VerilogEval 2.0和RTLLM 2.0上的评估显示,使用GPT-5.4-mini时,COEVO分别达到97.5%和94.5%的Pass@1,超越所有代理基线及四种LLM主干模型,在49个可综合的RTLLM设计中,有43个取得最优PPA。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

LLM-based RTL code generation methods increasingly target both functional correctness and PPA quality, yet existing approaches universally decouple the two objectives, optimizing PPA only after correctness is fully achieved. Whether through sequential multi-agent pipelines, evolutionary search with binary correctness gates, or hierarchical reward dependencies, partially correct but architecturally promising candidates are systematically discarded. Moreover, existing methods reduce the multi-objective PPA space to a single scalar fitness, obscuring the trade-offs among area, delay, and power. To address these limitations, we propose COEVO, a co-evolutionary framework that unifies correctness and PPA optimization within a single evolutionary loop. COEVO formulates correctness as a continuous co-optimization dimension alongside area, delay, and power, enabled by an enhanced testbench that provides fine-grained scoring and detailed diagnostic feedback. An adaptive correctness gate with annealing allows PPA-promising but partially correct candidates to guide the search toward jointly optimal solutions. To preserve the full PPA trade-off structure, COEVO employs four-dimensional Pareto-based non-dominated sorting with configurable intra-level sorting, replacing scalar fitness without manual weight tuning. Evaluated on VerilogEval 2.0 and RTLLM 2.0, COEVO achieves 97.5\% and 94.5\% Pass@1 with GPT-5.4-mini, surpassing all agentic baselines across four LLM backbones, while attaining the best PPA on 43 out of 49 synthesizable RTLLM designs.

硬件生成多目标优化LLM应用

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