arXiv:2604.15344cs.HCcs.AI2026-04被引 2

开发者和设计师如何决定让大模型当工具还是队友,关键看责任归属是否清晰。

To LLM, or Not to LLM: How Designers and Developers Navigate LLMs as Tools or Teammates

论文配图:To LLM, or Not to LLM: How Designers and Developers Navigate LLMs as Tools or Teammates
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过33人访谈发现,角色定位影响使用决策:工具型易接受,队友型存疑。
  • 当大模型有模糊责任时,从业者对结果担责感到不安,影响采纳意愿。
  • 明确监督机制的协作模式可让大模型有效参与工作,提升团队效能。

大型语言模型(LLMs)正越来越多地融入设计与开发流程,但其使用决策并非单纯的技术问题。本研究基于对三家科技公司中33名设计师和开发者的建构主义扎根理论访谈,发现参与者更关注大模型在工作流中的角色及其与责任结构的互动。当大模型被视作受人类明确控制的工具时,其使用通常可被接受并嵌入现有治理框架;而当其被视为具有共享或模糊代理权的队友时,从业者表现出犹豫,尤其在无法清晰界定责任时。同时,研究也识别出有效的“队友”配置:大模型支持协同推理,但始终处于明确监督之下。本文提出一种分析框架,描述角色定位如何影响决策权、问责归属、监督策略及组织接受度。该研究将‘用不用大模型’重新定义为系统设计阶段出现的社会技术定位问题,而非部署后的评估议题。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into design and development workflows, yet decisions about their use are rarely binary or purely technical. We report findings from a constructivist grounded theory study based on interviews with 33 designers and developers across three large technology organisations. Rather than evaluating LLMs solely by capability, participants reasoned about the role an LLM could occupy within a workflow and how that role would interact with existing structures of responsibility and organisational accountability. When LLMs were framed as tools under clear human control, their use was typically acceptable and could be integrated within existing governance structures. When framed as teammates with shared or ambiguous agency, practitioners expressed hesitation, particularly when responsibility for outcomes could not be clearly justified. At the same time, participants also described productive teammate configurations in which LLMs supported collaborative reasoning while remaining embedded within explicit oversight structures. We identify tool and teammate framings as recurring ways in which designers and developers position LLMs relative to human work and present an analytic rubric describing how role framing shapes decision authority, accountability ownership, oversight strategies, and organisational acceptability. By foregrounding design-time reasoning, this work reframes To LLM or Not to LLM as a sociotechnical positioning problem that emerges during system design rather than during post-deployment evaluation.

大模型应用人机协作角色定位

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