arXiv:2604.15558cs.AIcs.CL2026-04

用预注册契约防止团队误信,确保观点改变有据可查。

Preregistered Belief Revision Contracts

  • 预设证据触发器和验证规则,禁止无证信念更新
  • 证明社交轮次无法提升错误共识的自信度
  • 适合需要可审计决策过程的协作系统

协商式多智能体系统允许智能体交流并随时间修订信念,但可能引发危险的从众效应:将共识、自信、声望或多数性当作证据,导致高自信地收敛到错误结论。为此,我们提出PBRC(预注册信念修正契约),一种协议级机制,严格分离开放沟通与可接受的认知变更。PBRC契约公开固定一阶证据触发条件、可接受的修正算子、优先规则和备用策略。非备用步骤仅在引用预注册触发条件并提供外部验证的证据集合时才被接受。这确保每项实质性信念变更既可由路由器强制执行,也可事后审计。本文证明:(a) 在保守备用策略下,仅依赖社会性的轮次不会增加信心,也不会产生纯粹由从众驱动的‘错而自信’级联;(b) 可审计触发协议支持保持信念轨迹的规范形式与标准化审计痕迹;(c) 声明性强制可实现认知问责:任何顶级假设的变更均可追溯至具体验证的证据集。对于不变令牌契约,(d) 我们证明强制路径仅依赖于令牌暴露轨迹;在泛洪传播下,这些轨迹恰好由截断可达性刻画,给出普遍证据闭包的紧直径界。最后,我们引入配套的契约动态信念逻辑以指定轨迹不变量,并通过模拟展示级联抑制、可审计性及鲁棒性-活跃性权衡。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deliberative multi-agent systems allow agents to exchange messages and revise beliefs over time. While this interaction is meant to improve performance, it can also create dangerous conformity effects: agreement, confidence, prestige, or majority size may be treated as if they were evidence, producing high-confidence convergence to false conclusions. To address this, we introduce PBRC (Preregistered Belief Revision Contracts), a protocol-level mechanism that strictly separates open communication from admissible epistemic change. A PBRC contract publicly fixes first-order evidence triggers, admissible revision operators, a priority rule, and a fallback policy. A non-fallback step is accepted only when it cites a preregistered trigger and provides a nonempty witness set of externally validated evidence tokens. This ensures that every substantive belief change is both enforceable by a router and auditable after the fact. In this paper, (a) we prove that under evidential contracts with conservative fallback, social-only rounds cannot increase confidence and cannot generate purely conformity-driven wrong-but-sure cascades. (b) We show that auditable trigger protocols admit evidential PBRC normal forms that preserve belief trajectories and canonicalized audit traces. (c) We demonstrate that sound enforcement yields epistemic accountability: any change of top hypothesis is attributable to a concrete validated witness set. For token-invariant contracts, (d) we prove that enforced trajectories depend only on token-exposure traces; under flooding dissemination, these traces are characterized exactly by truncated reachability, giving tight diameter bounds for universal evidence closure. Finally, we introduce a companion contractual dynamic doxastic logic to specify trace invariants, and provide simulations illustrating cascade suppression, auditability, and robustness-liveness trade-offs.

多智能体信念修正可审计性协作系统

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