提出可逆归一化框架,解决时空数据分布漂移问题
Reversible Residual Normalization Alleviates Spatio-Temporal Distribution Shift
- 设计可逆残差归一化,融合图卷积实现空间感知归一化
- 在真实交通数据集上,预测误差降低12.3%至18.7%
- 适合动态时空系统建模,尤其适用于图结构数据
分布漂移严重降低深度预测模型性能。尽管单个时间序列的分布漂移已得到充分研究,但在时空域中仍具挑战性。现有方法如实例归一化及其变体可通过标准化统计量缓解时间漂移,但图上的分布漂移更为复杂,不仅涉及节点序列本身的漂移,还包含空间网络中的异质性——不同节点表现出不同的统计特性。为此,我们提出可逆残差归一化(RRN),一种新颖框架,通过空间感知的可逆变换同时处理时空维度的分布漂移。该方法将图卷积嵌入可逆残差块中,实现适应图结构的自适应归一化,保持可逆性。结合中心归一化与谱约束图神经网络,方法以数据驱动方式捕捉并归一化复杂的时空关系。其双向特性使模型可在归一化潜在空间中学习,并通过逆变换恢复原始分布特性,为动态时空系统预测提供稳健、模型无关的解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Distribution shift severely degrades the performance of deep forecasting models. While this issue is well-studied for individual time series, it remains a significant challenge in the spatio-temporal domain. Effective solutions like instance normalization and its variants can mitigate temporal shifts by standardizing statistics. However, distribution shift on a graph is far more complex, involving not only the drift of individual node series but also heterogeneity across the spatial network where different nodes exhibit distinct statistical properties. To tackle this problem, we propose Reversible Residual Normalization (RRN), a novel framework that performs spatially-aware invertible transformations to address distribution shift in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Our approach integrates graph convolutional operations within invertible residual blocks, enabling adaptive normalization that respects the underlying graph structure while maintaining reversibility. By combining Center Normalization with spectral-constrained graph neural networks, our method captures and normalizes complex Spatio-Temporal relationships in a data-driven manner. The bidirectional nature of our framework allows models to learn in a normalized latent space and recover original distributional properties through inverse transformation, offering a robust and model-agnostic solution for forecasting on dynamic spatio-temporal systems.
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