提出可自适应多粒度关系检索的RAG框架,提升复杂查询的准确率。
FlexStructRAG: Flexible Structure-Aware Multi-Granular Relational Retrieval for RAG

- 融合知识图谱、超图与结构化语义聚类,支持多粒度关系检索。
- 在UltraDomain四个领域上优于主流RAG基线,显著提升语义评估得分。
- 适合需要细粒度关系与上下文对齐的复杂问答系统使用。
检索增强生成(RAG)系统的效果高度依赖外部知识的分割、组织与检索方式。现有方法或采用固定长度文本块,破坏论述连贯性;或仅依赖单一结构索引(如知识图谱或超图),固化了关系粒度,导致查询需不同形式证据时检索脆弱。本文提出灵活结构感知的多粒度关系检索框架 FlexStructRAG,支持异构知识表示下的查询自适应检索。该框架联合构建:(i) 用于二元关系的知识图谱,(ii) 用于n元关系的知识超图,(iii) 结构感知的语义聚类,将关系证据聚合为文档级上下文单元。为减少统一切块引发的语义碎片化,引入动态分区与截断滑动窗口提取机制,控制知识构建中的上下文依赖范围。推理时,支持实体、边、超边与聚类层级的检索,可灵活组合以提供关系与上下文对齐的证据。在UltraDomain跨四领域基准上的实验表明,FlexStructRAG在语义评估上优于强基线。消融与敏感性分析进一步证明多粒度关系检索与结构感知聚类的必要性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on how external knowledge is segmented, structured, and retrieved. Most existing approaches either retrieve fixed-length text chunks, which fragments discourse context, or commit to a single structured index (e.g., a knowledge graph or hypergraph), which hard-codes one relational granularity. This often yields brittle retrieval when queries require different forms of evidence, such as local binary relations, higher-order interactions, or broader document-grounded context. We propose \textbf{FlexStructRAG}, a flexible structure-aware RAG framework that supports \emph{multi-granular, query-adaptive retrieval} over heterogeneous knowledge representations. FlexStructRAG jointly constructs (i) a knowledge graph for binary relations, (ii) a knowledge hypergraph for n-ary relations, and (iii) structure-aware semantic clusters that aggregate relational evidence into document-grounded context units. To reduce semantic fragmentation induced by uniform chunking, we introduce dynamic partitioning and a truncated sliding-window extraction mechanism that incorporates bounded contextual dependencies during knowledge construction. At inference time, FlexStructRAG enables entity-, edge-, hyperedge-, and cluster-level retrieval, which can be flexibly combined to supply generation with relationally and contextually aligned evidence. Experiments on the UltraDomain benchmark across four domains show that FlexStructRAG improves semantic evaluation over strong RAG baselines. Ablation and sensitivity analysis further demonstrate the necessity of multi-granular relational retrieval and structure-aware clustering.
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