用机器可读的语义模型，自动检查数据共享是否符合欧盟数据法。
DAOnt: A Formal Ontology for EU Data Act Compliance
- 基于已有语义框架构建法律本体，结构化表达数据法规核心概念。
- 实现三条关键条款的自动化合规验证，包括用户访问权、商业秘密例外等。
- 适合法律科技、合规系统开发人员，助力企业快速应对欧盟数据监管。
欧盟《数据法案》在企业对消费者（B2C）、企业对企业（B2B）及企业对政府（B2G）场景下建立了全面的数据访问与共享规则。本文提出一个名为DAOnt的完整本体，支持通过机器可读形式进行数据共享协议的推理分析。该本体复用LKIF-Core、ODRL和DPV三个成熟本体中的元素，刻画《数据法案》的规范结构。本体涵盖法规的核心概念与关系，并对三条关键条款进行了操作化：第4(1)条（B2C用户访问权）、第8(6)条（B2B商业秘密例外）和第19(2)(a)条（B2G竞争性使用禁止）。通过SPARQL查询可返回义务、权限与禁令，使组织能验证数据共享协议是否符合欧盟数据法案要求，还可评估如FRAND义务等条件。通过将关键法律概念以RDF形式表示，本工作弥合了法律文本与计算解释之间的鸿沟。完整本体、示例实例及查询代码已在线公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The EU Data Act establishes comprehensive rules governing data access and sharing across business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), and business-to-government (B2G) contexts. This paper presents a comprehensive ontology for the EU Data Act, enabling reasoning over data sharing agreements through machine-readable representations. The DAOnt ontology reuses elements from three established ontologies, LKIF-Core, ODRL, and DPV, to capture the normative structure of the Data Act. The ontology captures the main concepts and relationships in the Regulation, and it also operationalises three articles to facilitate compliance checking: Article 4(1) (B2C user access rights), Article 8(6) (B2B trade secret exceptions) and Article 19(2)(a) (B2G competitive use prohibitions). The ontology supports compliance checking through SPARQL queries that return obligations, permissions, and prohibitions, allowing organisations to verify whether data-sharing agreements meet the requirements of the EU Data Act and to assess conditions such as FRAND obligations. By representing key legal concepts in RDF, our work helps bridge the gap between the legal provisions of the Data Act and their computational interpretation. The complete ontology, along with example instances and queries, is available online.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。