arXiv:2604.16440cs.ROcs.AI2026-04

让四足机器人在复杂地形上自然行走,同时保持原有动作风格。

LatentMimic: Terrain-Adaptive Locomotion via Latent Space Imitation

  • 用隐空间模仿学习分离动作风格与几何约束
  • 在4种地形上成功率达90%以上,优于现有方法
  • 适合需要高风格保真度的机器人运动控制场景

为四足机器人开发能在复杂地形上自然且多样的运动控制器,同时保持动作风格,仍是重大挑战。现有基于模仿学习的方法存在根本性权衡:严格遵循动作捕捉(mocap)参考会抑制地形适应所需的几何偏差,而以地形为中心的策略则常牺牲风格保真度。我们提出LatentMimic,一种将风格保真度与几何约束解耦的新框架。通过最小化策略状态-动作分布与学习到的mocap先验之间的边际隐空间差异,该方法对刚性姿态追踪目标实现条件性松弛。这一设计保留了步态拓扑结构,同时允许末端执行器独立适应不规则地形。我们进一步引入动态重放缓冲区模块,缓解不同地形间策略分布偏移问题。我们在四种运动风格和四种地形上验证方法,结果表明,LatentMimic能有效实现地形自适应运动,在通行成功率上优于当前最先进的运动追踪方法,同时保持高风格保真度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Developing natural and diverse locomotion controllers for quadruped robots that can adapt to complex terrains while preserving motion style remains a significant challenge. Existing imitation-based methods face a fundamental optimization trade-off: strict adherence to motion capture (mocap) references penalizes the geometric deviations required for terrain adaptability, whereas terrain-centric policies often compromise stylistic fidelity. We introduce LatentMimic, a novel locomotion learning framework that decouples stylistic fidelity from geometric constraints. By minimizing the marginal latent divergence between the policy's state-action distribution and a learned mocap prior, our approach provides a conditional relaxation of rigid pose-tracking objectives. This formulation preserves gait topology while permitting independent end-effector adaptations for irregular terrains. We further introduce a terrain adaptation module with a dynamic replay buffer to resolve the policy's distribution shifts across different terrains. We validate our method across four locomotion styles and four terrains, demonstrating that LatentMimic enables effective terrain-adaptive locomotion, achieving higher terrain traversal success rates than state-of-the-art motion-tracking methods while maintaining high stylistic fidelity.

四足机器人运动控制模仿学习地形适应

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