用公有链与私有链构建去中心化建筑数字孪生系统，提升安全与自动化能力。
Public and private blockchain for decentralized digital building twins and building automation system
- 融合公有链与私有链，实现建筑物联网数据的去中心化传输。
- 基于Hyperledger Fabric的系统在扩展性、速度和成本上表现更优。
- 适合关注建筑自动化安全与隐私的开发者与智能楼宇设计者。
智能家居与数字孪生系统中，物联网设备的通信协议与数据传输机制多依赖集中式架构，易受单点故障影响。本研究提出一种基于区块链的去中心化协议，以增强数字孪生系统的网络韧性，并实现建筑运营的去中心化自动化。框架结合公有链与私有链技术，通过两个原型案例进行验证，分别在真实建筑环境中使用智能家电及两个数字孪生平台进行测试。评估指标包括成本、可扩展性、数据安全与隐私。结果表明，基于Hyperledger Fabric的系统在可扩展性、速度与成本效益方面表现更佳；两种框架均优于传统集中式协议，在系统网络韧性、数据安全与隐私保护方面具有显著优势。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The communication protocols and data transfer mechanisms employed by IoT devices in smart buildings and corresponding digital twin systems predominantly rely on centralized architectures. Such centralized systems are vulnerable to single points of failure, where a malfunction can disrupt operational processes. This study introduces a blockchain-based decentralized protocol to enhance the cyber resilience of IoT data transfer for digital twins and enable decentralized automation of building operations. The framework incorporates public and private blockchain technologies alongside two case studies showcasing prototypes of each system. These prototypes were validated within a real-world building environment using smart home appliances and two digital twin platforms, with their performance evaluated based on cost, scalability, data security, and privacy. The findings reveal that the Hyperledger Fabric-based system excels in terms of scalability, speed, and cost-effectiveness, while both frameworks offer advantages over traditional centralized protocols in system cyber resilience, data security, and privacy.
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