arXiv:2604.16572cs.LG2026-04

不识别用户身份,直接数人头和动作类型,更适应新环境。

From User Recognition to Activity Counting: An Identity-Agnostic Approach to Multi-User WiFi Sensing

论文配图:From User Recognition to Activity Counting: An Identity-Agnostic Approach to Multi-User WiFi Sensing
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将多用户活动识别转为计数任务,不绑定具体用户
  • 在未知用户场景下,计数误差稳定在0.1081,远超传统方法
  • 适合真实部署中用户变动频繁的场景

Wi-Fi信道状态信息(CSI)可实现无设备人体活动识别,但现有多用户方法假设训练与推理阶段用户集合固定。这一封闭集假设限制了实际应用,因模型在新个体或环境中性能显著下降。本文将多用户活动识别重构为活动计数任务,仅估计各活动类型同时进行的人数,不关联具体身份。提出一套将CSI转换为空间投影并用预训练卷积主干提取特征的流程。在WiMANS数据集上对比两种范式:传统依赖身份的模型(固定用户槽位分配活动)与新型无身份模型(通过回归估计场景级活动构成)。标准评估下,无身份模型在0-5人数尺度上的平均绝对误差为0.1081;在未见用户评估中,依赖身份模型的宏平均F1从80.38骤降至32.61,而无身份模型计数误差保持稳定。特征空间分析显示,无身份表示更具用户不变性,解释其更强泛化能力。结果表明,活动计数是多用户Wi-Fi感知中更实用、更泛化的替代方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) enables device-free human activity recognition, but existing multi-user approaches assume a fixed set of known users during both training and inference. This closed-set assumption limits deployment, as models trained on a specific user set degrade when applied to new individuals or environments. We reformulate multi-user activity recognition as activity counting, estimating how many users perform each activity type at a given time, without associating actions with specific individuals. We propose a pipeline that converts CSI measurements into spatial projections and extracts features using a pretrained convolutional backbone. Two formulations are evaluated on the WiMANS dataset: a conventional identity-dependent model that assigns activities to fixed user slots, and an identity-agnostic model that estimates scene-level activity composition through regression. Under standard evaluation, the identity-agnostic model achieves a mean absolute error of 0.1081 on a 0-5 count scale. Under unseen-user evaluation, the identity-dependent model's macro-F1 drops from 80.38 to 32.61, while the identity-agnostic model's counting error remains stable. Feature space analysis confirms that identity-agnostic representations are more user-invariant, which explains their stronger generalization. These results suggest that activity counting provides a more practical and generalizable alternative to identity-dependent formulations for multi-user WiFi sensing.

WiFi感知活动识别无身份建模计数任务

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