arXiv:2604.16850cs.ROcs.AI2026-04

通过渐进加速与轨迹修正,让机器人快速模仿高接触力操作。

Refinement of Accelerated Demonstrations via Incremental Iterative Reference Learning Control for Fast Contact-Rich Imitation Learning

论文配图:Refinement of Accelerated Demonstrations via Incremental Iterative Reference Learning Control for Fast Contact-Rich Imitation Learning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用增量式参考学习控制逐步提速并修正轨迹,避免误差累积。
  • 实测在3-10倍速下,轨迹相似度比传统方法提升22.5%。
  • 适合需要高速、高精度接触操作的工业机器人模仿学习场景。

快速执行高接触力操作对实际部署至关重要,但为模仿学习(IL)提供高速示范仍具挑战:人类无法高速示范,而直接加速示范会改变接触动力学并引发较大跟踪误差。本文提出一种方法,通过将迭代参考学习控制(IRLC)重构为增量式迭代参考学习控制(I2RLC),在观测到的跟踪误差基础上逐次更新参考轨迹,实现对时间加速示范的自主优化。直接应用IRLC在高速下易产生更大早期误差和不稳定的瞬态响应。I2RLC通过渐进提升速度并同步更新参考轨迹,获得高保真轨迹。我们在真实机器人白板擦除和插销入孔任务中验证,采用力控跟随器与3D打印触觉主控设备的遥操作设置。IRLC与I2RLC均实现最高10倍速示范且跟踪误差降低;其中,I2RLC在三个任务、多速度(3x–10x)下平均比IRLC提升22.5%的空间轨迹相似性。进一步使用优化后轨迹训练模仿学习策略,所获策略执行速度高于示范,在可见与不可见位置的插销任务中均达100%成功率,且由I2RLC训练的策略接触力更低。结果表明,渐进速度调度结合参考轨迹适应,为高速高接触力模仿学习提供了实用路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Fast execution of contact-rich manipulation is critical for practical deployment, yet providing fast demonstrations for imitation learning (IL) remains challenging: humans cannot demonstrate at high speed, and naively accelerating demonstrations alters contact dynamics and induces large tracking errors. We present a method to autonomously refine time-accelerated demonstrations by repurposing Iterative Reference Learning Control (IRLC) to iteratively update the reference trajectory from observed tracking errors. However, applying IRLC directly at high speed tends to produce larger early-iteration errors and less stable transients. To address this issue, we propose Incremental Iterative Reference Learning Control (I2RLC), which gradually increases the speed while updating the reference, yielding high-fidelity trajectories. We validate on real-robot whiteboard erasing and peg-in-hole tasks using a teleoperation setup with a compliance-controlled follower and a 3D-printed haptic leader. Both IRLC and I2RLC achieve up to 10x faster demonstrations with reduced tracking error; moreover, I2RLC improves spatial similarity to the original trajectories by 22.5% on average over IRLC across three tasks and multiple speeds (3x-10x). We then use the refined trajectories to train IL policies; the resulting policies execute faster than the demonstrations and achieve 100% success rates in the peg-in-hole task at both seen and unseen positions, with I2RLC-trained policies exhibiting lower contact forces than those trained on IRLC-refined demonstrations. These results indicate that gradual speed scheduling coupled with reference adaptation provides a practical path to fast, contact-rich IL.

模仿学习机器人控制接触操作轨迹优化

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