用普通摄像头实时预警城市路口骑行者与行人碰撞风险。
A Real-Time Bike-Pedestrian Safety System with Wide-Angle Perception and Evaluation Testbed for Urban Intersections

- 通过鱼眼镜头校准和投影算法实现宽视角目标检测。
- 系统平均提前3.3秒预警,检测灵敏度达93.3%。
- 适合城市交通安全管理与智能路口系统开发人员。
城市交叉路口的骑行者与行人碰撞事故频发,但现有系统极少利用普通硬件实现实时预警。本文提出一种部署在单个边缘设备上的原型预警系统,采用广角鱼眼相机,以30帧/秒的速度生成声音与视觉警报。系统贡献包括:第一,设计了针对超广角鱼眼镜头的校准流程,通过透视重映射与直接捆绑调整克服角点检测失败与优化发散问题;第二,结合鱼眼感知的目标检测与基于预计算查表的闭合形式地面投影;第三,引入设计阶段的合规性仿真,涵盖24种预设危险场景、随机尺寸感知检测失败及延迟扫描,证明一阶运动预测器在真实相机延迟下仍能保持平均预警时间超过分心行人反应时间;第四,将决策层形式化为可分离、可审计的测试平台,包含明确的部署门禁、争议处理机制与残余风险登记。在鱼眼定位误差下的合规测试中,所选配置达到93.3%灵敏度与92.3%特异性,平均预警预算为3.3秒。系统设计基于社区参与的设计工作坊。代码与复现脚本已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Collisions between cyclists and pedestrians at urban intersections remain a persistent source of injuries, yet few systems attempt real-time warnings to unequipped road users using commodity hardware. We present a prototype collision warning system that runs on a single edge device with a wide-angle fisheye camera, producing audible and visual alerts at 30\,fps. The system makes four contributions. First, we develop a calibration pipeline for ultra-wide fisheye lenses that overcomes corner-detection failure and optimizer divergence through perspective remapping and direct bundle adjustment. Second, we combine fisheye-aware object detection with a closed-form ground-plane projection via a precomputed lookup table. Third, we introduce a design-time conformance simulation with 24 scripted hazard scenarios, stochastic size-aware detection failures, and a latency sweep showing that a first-order kinematic predictor maintains the mean warning budget above the distracted-pedestrian reaction time across realistic camera latencies. Fourth, we formalize the decision layer as a separable, auditable testbench with explicit deployment gates, contestability mechanisms, and a residual risk register. Under conformance testing with fisheye localization error, the selected pipeline configuration achieves 93.3\% sensitivity and 92.3\% specificity, with a mean warning budget of 3.3\,s. The system design was informed by community-aided design workshops. Code and replication scripts are available at https://github.com/mkturkcan/bikeped.
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