arXiv:2604.17245cs.RO2026-04

21自由度远程驱动机械手,轻便可维护,适合精细操作研究。

MM-Hand: A 21-DOF Multi-modal Modular Dexterous Robotic Hand with Remote Actuation

论文配图:MM-Hand: A 21-DOF Multi-modal Modular Dexterous Robotic Hand with Remote Actuation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 采用远程绳索驱动,电机外置,释放手部空间。
  • 指尖力达25N,1米远距离传动仍稳定输出。
  • 模块化设计+多模态传感,开源易复现,适合科研使用。

高自由度灵巧手需兼顾紧凑驱动、丰富感知与可靠热性能,但传统设计常占用宝贵内部空间、增加末端质量,并导致近手部位热量积聚。远程腱绳驱动通过将电机置于机器人基座或外部电机舱,可释放手指与掌心空间,用于拓展自由度、集成传感模块及可维护结构。本文提出MM-Hand,一款基于远程腱绳驱动的21-DOF多模态模块化灵巧手。该手集成弹簧回位腱绳驱动指节、3D打印模块化指节与掌骨结构、快速更换腱绳连接器,以及包含关节角度传感器、触觉传感器、电机侧反馈与掌内双目视觉的多模态感知系统。进一步分析腱鞘长度变化与摩擦损耗,指导布线、电机舱与闭环关节控制设计。实验验证了系统的传动性、输出力、感知与控制能力:在1米远程腱鞘传输下,指尖力可达25N,证明长距离传动仍具实用负载能力;闭环关节级实验在静态臂与运动臂条件下均验证了指令跟踪性能。结果表明,MM-Hand为灵巧操作研究提供了轻量化、传感器丰富且可维护的硬件平台。为支持社区,所有硬件设计与软件框架已开源,详见 https://mmlab.hk/research/MM-Hand。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

High-DOF dexterous hands require compact actuation, rich sensing, and reliable thermal behavior, but conventional designs often occupy valuable in-hand space, increase end-effector mass, and suffer from heat accumulation near the hand. Remote tendon-driven actuation offers an alternative by relocating motors to the robot base or an external motor hub, thereby freeing the fingers and palm for additional degrees of freedom, sensing modules, and maintainable mechanical structures. This paper presents MM-Hand, a 21-DOF Multimodal Modular dexterous hand based on remote tendon-driven actuation. The hand integrates spring-return tendon-driven fingers, modular 3D-printed finger and palm structures, quick tendon connectors for maintenance, and a multimodal sensing system including joint angle sensors, tactile sensors, motor-side feedback, and in-palm stereo vision. We further analyze tendon-sheath length variation and friction loss to guide the design of the routing, motor hub, and closed-loop joint control. Experiments validate the transmission, output force, sensing, and control capability of the system. The fingertip force reaches 25N under a 1m remote sheath transmission, demonstrating practical load capacity despite long-distance tendon routing. Closed-loop joint-level experiments further evaluate command tracking with a static arm and during arm motion. These results show that MM-Hand provides a lightweight, sensor-rich, and maintainable hardware platform for dexterous manipulation research. To support the community, all hardware designs and software frameworks are made fully open-source at https://mmlab.hk/research/MM-Hand.

灵巧手远程驱动多模态感知开源硬件

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