arXiv:2604.17249cs.CRcs.AR2026-04中稿 · SECRYPT 2026

LLM服务中共享的键值缓存块存在隐秘比特翻转漏洞,可能被恶意利用。

Bit-Flip Vulnerability of Shared KV-Cache Blocks in LLM Serving Systems

  • 通过软件注入攻击研究了共享缓存块的比特翻转风险。
  • 13个BF16位翻转后输出仍合理,但已偏离原始结果。
  • 漏洞可隐蔽传播且累积损伤持续增长,适合安全研究者关注。

GPU DRAM上的行锤击攻击已能实现模型权重的对抗性比特翻转;而大型语言模型服务系统中的共享键值缓存块,存在类似但此前未被研究的脆弱性。在vLLM的前缀缓存机制中,这些块以单一物理副本形式存在,缺乏完整性保护。通过理想化比特定位的软件故障注入实验,我们评估了最坏情况下的严重性,并发现三个特性:(1) 隐蔽偏差——16个BF16比特位置中有13个导致一致但错误的输出,无法与正常响应区分,除非有干净基线;(2) 选择性传播——仅共享目标前缀的请求受影响;(3) 持续累积——无时间衰减,损伤随后续请求线性增长。这构成与权重损坏不同的威胁模型:隐蔽偏差与选择性传播可规避检测,持续累积则导致损伤放大,上限仅取决于缓存块的驻留时间。基于校验和的防护措施可在调度时检测单比特翻转,将累积损伤限制在单个批次内,且开销极低。这些结果呼吁在端到端攻击实现前,即对前缀块实施完整性保护。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Rowhammer on GPU DRAM has enabled adversarial bit flips in model weights; shared KV-cache blocks in LLM serving systems present an analogous but previously unexamined target. In vLLM's Prefix Caching, these blocks exist as a single physical copy without integrity protection. Using software fault injection under ideal bit targeting, we characterize worst-case severity and identify three properties: (1) Silent divergence - 13 of 16 BF16 bit positions produce coherent but altered outputs, indistinguishable from legitimate responses without a clean baseline. (2) Selective propagation - only requests sharing the targeted prefix are affected. (3) Persistent accumulation - no temporal decay occurs, so cumulative damage grows linearly with subsequent requests. Together, these constitute a threat profile distinct from weight corruption: silent divergence and selective propagation enable detection evasion; persistent accumulation then proceeds unchecked, yielding damage amplification bounded only by how long the block remains cached. A checksum-based countermeasure detects any single-bit corruption at scheduling time, bounding cumulative damage to one batch independent of the block's cache lifetime, with negligible overhead. These results argue for integrity protection of prefix blocks before end-to-end exploitation is demonstrated.

大模型安全比特翻转缓存漏洞

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。