解决文本嵌入预微调中的任务偏见问题,让模型更稳定地适应专业领域。
REZE: Representation Regularization for Domain-adaptive Text Embedding Pre-finetuning

- 通过分析锚点-正样本对的关系,在特征空间中识别任务相关方向
- 自适应地抑制任务噪声,保留语义不变结构,无推理开销
- 适用于多种模型和领域,尤其在复杂数据下表现更稳健
近期的文本嵌入模型常通过在零散、异构任务上进行对比预微调(PFT)来适配特定领域。然而,该方法常伴随任务诱导的偏见,导致表示空间发生不可控的偏移,破坏预训练嵌入的几何结构并造成性能显著下降。为此,我们提出REZE——一种表示正则化框架,显式控制嵌入预微调过程中的表示偏移。REZE基于锚点-正样本对的关系,在特征空间中进行分解,测量每个特征分量上的任务级离散度,识别任务变异方向,并应用自适应软收缩,抑制任务诱导噪声的同时保留任务无关的语义结构,且无需推理时开销。在多个嵌入骨干网络和专用基准上的实验表明,REZE在多数设置下优于标准预微调及各向同性导向的后处理正则化方法,且在现有PFT变体崩溃时仍保持稳定。嵌入空间分析进一步证实,REZE诱导的偏移与原始嵌入流形对齐,凸显表示偏移控制是应对异构监督下鲁棒嵌入预微调的关键原则。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent text embedding models are often adapted to specialized domains via contrastive pre-finetuning (PFT) on a naive collection of scattered, heterogeneous tasks. However, this approach often introduces task-induced bias alongside domain knowledge, leading to uncontrolled representation shifts that distort the pretrained embedding geometry and cause substantial performance degradation. To address this issue, we propose REZE, a representation regularization framework that explicitly controls representation shift during embedding pre-finetuning. REZE operates on the relations of anchor-positive pairs and decomposes them in an eigenspace. It then measures task-wise dispersion along each eigencomponent to identify task-variant directions and applies adaptive soft-shrinkage to suppress task-induced noise while preserving task-invariant semantic structure, without inference-time overhead. Experiments across multiple embedding backbones and specialized benchmarks show that REZE outperforms standard pre-finetuning and isotropy-oriented post-hoc regularization in most settings, remaining stable where existing PFT variants collapse. Embedding space analyses further confirm that REZE induces controlled shifts aligned with the original embedding manifold, underscoring representation shift control as a key principle for robust embedding pre-finetuning under heterogeneous supervision.
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