用户用生成式AI时,安全隐私信息难信难懂,影响使用决策。
Understanding U.S. Users' Security and Privacy Transparency Needs for Consumer-Facing Generative AI

- 通过访谈21名美国用户,发现现有安全隐私信息常被忽视或不信任。
- 用户依赖流行度等间接指标判断安全性,高风险场景下更易放弃使用。
- 呼吁设计可信赖、易操作的透明机制,如独立评估和按需披露界面。
消费者越来越依赖面向公众的生成式AI(GenAI)完成日常任务甚至敏感事务。然而,现有GenAI工具中的安全与隐私(S&P)信息是否影响用户采纳决策和使用体验仍不明确。理解用户如何获取、解读和评估S&P信息,对设计可信且可用的透明机制至关重要。我们对21名美国GenAI用户进行了半结构化访谈与设计研讨。结果表明,现有S&P信息很少影响初始采纳,因用户普遍认为其不完整、无效或不可信,转而依赖流行度等粗略代理指标推断安全实践。采纳后,隐私安全不确定性限制了用户在高风险场景下的使用意愿,部分人甚至因此停止使用。用户呼吁提供可支持决策与行动的可信信息(如独立评估)和易用界面(如按需披露)。我们据此归纳出五类期望的设计实践,为未来系统性研究最佳实践提供框架。最后,提出针对研究者、设计师和政策制定者的改进建议。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Users increasingly rely on consumer-facing generative AI (GenAI) for tasks ranging from everyday needs to sensitive use cases. Yet, it remains unclear whether and how existing security and privacy (S&P) communications in GenAI tools shape users' adoption decisions and experiences. Understanding how users seek, interpret, and evaluate S&P information is critical for designing usable transparency that users can trust and act on. We conducted semi-structured interviews and design sessions with 21 U.S. GenAI users. Our findings suggest that available S&P information rarely drove initial adoption in practice, as participants often perceived it as incomplete, ineffective, or not credible. Instead, they relied on rough proxies (e.g., popularity) to infer S&P practices. After adoption, S&P uncertainty constrained participants' willingness to use GenAI tools, especially for high-stakes purposes, and, in some cases, contributed to discontinued use. Participants therefore called for transparency that supports decisions and actions through trustworthy information (e.g., independent evaluations) and usable interfaces (e.g., on-demand disclosure). We categorize participants' desired design practices into five dimensions to facilitate systematic future investigation into best practices. We conclude with recommendations for researchers, designers, and policymakers to improve S&P transparency in consumer-facing GenAI.
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