让双臂机器人像人一样稳稳端盘子,靠学习增强的控制算法实现精准操作。
DART: Learning-Enhanced Model Predictive Control for Dual-Arm Non-Prehensile Manipulation

- 融合非线性模型预测控制与优化阻抗控制,实时调整托盘姿态以稳定物体。
- 三种动态建模方式对比:物理模型、在线回归、强化学习,各有优劣。
- 适用于酒店服务等场景,尤其适合处理不同重量形状的物体。
人类服务员看似轻松的动作对机器人仍是难题。在双臂协作下非抓握式托盘操作尤为复杂,但对酒店等服务场景极具价值。本文提出DART框架,将非线性模型预测控制(MPC)与基于优化的阻抗控制器结合,实现物体相对于动态托盘的精确运动控制。该框架系统评估了三种用于构建状态转移函数的策略:(i) 基于物理的解析模型,(ii) 实时在线回归识别模型,(iii) 强化学习驱动的动力学模型,可泛化至不同物体属性。仿真中测试了多种质量、几何形状和摩擦系数的物体。大量实验揭示三类建模方法在调节时间、稳态误差、控制能耗及跨物泛化能力上的权衡。据我们所知,DART是首个针对托盘上双臂非抓握操作的完整框架。项目主页:https://dart-icra.github.io/dart/
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
What appears effortless to a human waiter remains a major challenge for robots. Manipulating objects nonprehensilely on a tray is inherently difficult, and the complexity is amplified in dual-arm settings. Such tasks are highly relevant to service robotics in domains such as hotels and hospitality, where robots must transport and reposition diverse objects with precision. We present DART, a novel dual-arm framework that integrates nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC) with an optimization-based impedance controller to achieve accurate object motion relative to a dynamically controlled tray. The framework systematically evaluates three complementary strategies for modeling tray-object dynamics as the state transition function within our MPC formulation: (i) a physics-based analytical model, (ii) an online regression based identification model that adapts in real-time, and (iii) a reinforcement learning-based dynamics model that generalizes across object properties. Our pipeline is validated in simulation with objects of varying mass, geometry, and friction coefficients. Extensive evaluations highlight the trade-offs among the three modeling strategies in terms of settling time, steady-state error, control effort, and generalization across objects. To the best of our knowledge, DART constitutes the first framework for non-prehensile dual-arm manipulation of objects on a tray. Project Link: https://dart-icra.github.io/dart/
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