用无人机自动定位溺水者并快速投送救生设备，提升水上搜救效率。
Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Enhanced Search and Rescue of Drowning Swimmers: Image-Based Localization and Mission Simulation
- 基于YOLO的图像检测算法实现溺水者自动识别
- 小型无人机系统可将救援响应时间缩短至传统方式的1/5
- 通过仿真模拟优化无人机部署方案，适合水域救援场景
溺水是水上活动普遍存在的风险，救援面临时间紧迫、水域广阔、目标定位难和人员运输困难等挑战。本文提出一种无人机系统（UAS），即‘无人机箱式系统’，由部署在泳区附近的专用机库中的多架无人机组成。紧急情况下，该系统可与标准救援装备协同，在无人干预下执行全自动搜救任务，快速定位溺水者并投放浮力装置。研究采用基于图像的目标检测模型YOLO，构建专用数据集并训练不同版本（YOLOv3/v5/v8）及尺寸（nano/extra-large）模型，以平均精度（[email protected]、[email protected]:.95）评估性能。同时，提出两种离散事件仿真方法，模拟标准救援（SRO）与无人机辅助救援的响应时间。针对德国卢萨蒂亚湖地区测试区域的计算实验表明，即使仅配置两个机库、每库一架无人机的小型系统，也能使响应时间缩短为传统方式的五分之一。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Drowning is an omnipresent risk associated with any activity on or in the water, and rescuing a drowning person is particularly challenging because of the time pressure, making a short response time important. Further complicating water rescue are unsupervised and extensive swimming areas, precise localization of the target, and the transport of rescue personnel. Technical innovations can provide a remedy: We propose an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), also known as a drone-in-a-box system, consisting of a fleet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) allocated to purpose-built hangars near swimming areas. In an emergency, the UAS can be deployed in addition to Standard Rescue Operation (SRO) equipment to locate the distressed person early by performing a fully automated Search and Rescue (S&R) operation and dropping a flotation device. In this paper, we address automatically locating distressed swimmers using the image-based object detection architecture You Only Look Once (YOLO). We present a dataset created for this application and outline the training process. We evaluate the performance of YOLO versions 3, 5, and 8 and architecture sizes (nano, extra-large) using Mean Average Precision (mAP) metrics [email protected] and [email protected]:.95. Furthermore, we present two Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) approaches to simulate response times of SRO and UAS-based water rescue. This enables estimation of time savings relative to SRO when selecting the UAS configuration (type, number, and location of UAVs and hangars). Computational experiments for a test area in the Lusatian Lake District, Germany, show that UAS assistance shortens response time. Even a small UAS with two hangars, each containing one UAV, reduces response time by a factor of five compared to SRO.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。