arXiv:2604.18277cs.LG2026-04中稿 · publication at the…

用物理约束的残差网络,更准确建模机电系统中的耗散效应。

Dissipative Latent Residual Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Modeling and Identification of Electromechanical Systems

论文配图:Dissipative Latent Residual Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Modeling and Identification of Electromechanical Systems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 残差网络只作用于不可测状态,且参数形式保证能量不增加。
  • 在真实直升机系统上验证,长期预测误差比基线低30%以上。
  • 适合需要高精度动力学建模的机器人与控制领域研究者。

精确的动力学建模对实体系统的仿真与控制至关重要,但机电系统的机理模型常无法捕捉复杂耗散效应,如关节摩擦、漏磁损耗和结构阻尼。现有残差学习物理信息神经网络(PINN)虽能通过数据驱动组件增强不完善机理模型,但残差项通常采用无约束多层感知机(MLP),可能无意引入人工能量。为此,本文提出DiLaR-PINN,一种耗散性潜变量残差PINN,以物理一致的方式学习未建模的耗散效应。其残差网络仅作用于不可测(潜变量)状态分量,并以斜耗散形式参数化,确保任意参数下系统能量非增。为应对状态部分可观测下的稳定高效训练,进一步设计了基于课程学习的递归滚动策略。在真实直升机系统上验证,对比纯物理模型、无结构残差MLP、软耗散约束变体及黑箱LSTM四类基线,结果表明,DiLaR-PINN更准确捕捉耗散特性,长期外推性能显著优于其他方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate dynamical modeling is essential for simulation and control of embodied systems, yet first-principles models of electromechanical systems often fail to capture complex dissipative effects such as joint friction, stray losses, and structural damping. While residual-learning physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) can effectively augment imperfect first-principles models with data-driven components, the residual terms are typically implemented as unconstrained multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), which may inadvertently inject artificial energy into the system. To more faithfully model the dissipative dynamics, we propose DiLaR-PINN, a dissipative latent residual PINN designed to learn unmodeled dissipative effects in a physically consistent manner. Structurally, the residual network operates only on unmeasurable (latent) state components and is parameterized in a skew-dissipative form that guarantees non-increasing energy for any choice of network parameters. To enable stable and data-efficient training under partial measurability of the state, we further develop a recurrent rollout scheme with a curriculum-based sequence length extension strategy. We validate DiLaR-PINN on a real-world helicopter system and compare it against four baselines: a pure physical model (without a residual network), an unstructured residual MLP, a DiLaR variant with a soft dissipativity constraint, and a black-box LSTM. The results demonstrate that DiLaR-PINN more accurately captures dissipative effects and achieves superior long-horizon extrapolation performance.

物理信息神经网络耗散建模机电系统状态估计

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