arXiv:2604.18491cs.LGcs.AI2026-04

用神经代理模型加速赛车空气动力学设计,实现实时交互探索。

Faster by Design: Interactive Aerodynamics via Neural Surrogates Trained on Expert-Validated CFD

论文配图:Faster by Design: Interactive Aerodynamics via Neural Surrogates Trained on Expert-Validated CFD
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建基于参数化赛车模型的高保真流体数据集,覆盖六种工况。
  • 提出GIST神经算子,在复杂几何上实现亚毫秒级预测且精度领先。
  • 首次在赛车工程中验证了实时替代计算流体模拟的可行性。

计算流体动力学(CFD)是赛车空气动力学研发的核心,但每次高保真评估需耗费数万核时,严重限制了设计空间的探索范围。基于AI的代理模型有望缓解这一瓶颈,但进展受限于公开数据集复杂度不足——现有数据以平滑的乘用车形状为主,难以考验代理模型对薄而复杂的高性能部件的建模能力。本文提出三项贡献:首先,构建了一个基于参数化LMP2级赛车CAD模型的高保真RANS数据集,涵盖六种运行工况(地图点),由达拉拉公司空气动力学专家生成并验证,确保工业赛车场景相关特征;其次,提出图结构神经算子GIST(Gauge-Invariant Spectral Transformer),其谱嵌入编码网格连通性,提升对紧密堆积复杂几何的预测能力,具备离散化不变性,计算复杂度随网格规模线性增长,在公开基准与新数据集上均达到当前最优精度;第三,验证了GIST在早期设计阶段的预测精度足以支撑交互式设计空间探索——工程师可直接调用代理模型替代传统CFD求解器,初步实现工业赛车流程中的实时设计迭代。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is central to race-car aerodynamic development, yet its cost -- tens of thousands of core-hours per high-fidelity evaluation -- severely limits the design space exploration feasible within realistic budgets. AI-based surrogate models promise to alleviate this bottleneck, but progress has been constrained by the limited complexity of public datasets, which are dominated by smoothed passenger-car shapes that fail to exercise surrogates on the thin, complex, highly loaded components governing motorsport performance. This work presents three primary contributions. First, we introduce a high-fidelity RANS dataset built on a parametric LMP2-class CAD model and spanning six operating conditions (map points) covering straight-line and cornering regimes, generated and validated by aerodynamics experts at Dallara to preserve features relevant to industrial motorsport. Second, we present the Gauge-Invariant Spectral Transformer (GIST), a graph-based neural operator whose spectral embeddings encode mesh connectivity to enhance predictions on tightly packed, complex geometries. GIST guarantees discretization invariance and scales linearly with mesh size, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy on both public benchmarks and the proposed race-car dataset. Third, we demonstrate that GIST achieves a level of predictive accuracy suitable for early-stage aerodynamic design, providing a first validation of the concept of interactive design-space exploration -- where engineers query a surrogate in place of the CFD solver -- within industrial motorsport workflows.

赛车设计神经算子代理模型流体模拟

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