arXiv:2604.18748eess.SPeess.AS2026-04中稿 · 2026 IEEE AESS Rad…

用矩阵补全修复窄带阵列缺失数据,让混合波束成形更接近理想性能

Hybrid SMI Realization via Matrix Completion and Riemannian Manifold Optimization on Narrowband Sub-Array Based Architectures

论文配图:Hybrid SMI Realization via Matrix Completion and Riemannian Manifold Optimization on Narrowband Sub-Array Based Architectures
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过约束优化补全缺失的协方差矩阵,还原完整信号结构
  • 在32元阵列上实现性能接近理论最优的混合SMI
  • 适合做混合波束成形硬件优化的研究者和工程师

混合波束成形架构虽降低硬件复杂度,但限制了对全阵列观测的访问,导致传统基于协方差的方法(如最小方差无失真响应MVDR和样本矩阵求逆SMI)难以直接应用。本文提出一种结构化协方差补全框架RR2D,从部分可观测的样本协方差矩阵(SCM)中估计不可观测的分析协方差矩阵(ACM)。RR2D利用阵列信号的平稳性,结合正定、托普利茨及分块约束,采用戴克斯特拉交替投影算法实现物理测量一致性。重建的虚拟ACM支持可实现的混合SMI(HSMI)设计,与现有混合MVDR优化框架完全兼容。32元素混合阵列的实证结果表明,传统方法存在性能下降,而引入RR2D后,所提HSMI持续优于先前混合SMI与部分数字基线,逼近混合MVDR参考性能。总体而言,RR2D通过从不完整观测中结构化重建协方差,弥合了理论混合MVDR与实际混合硬件间的差距。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Hybrid beamforming architectures reduce hardware complexity but restrict access to full array observations, rendering direct implementation of classical covariance based methods such as minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) and sample matrix inversion (SMI) infeasible. This work introduces a structured covariance completion framework, termed Rock Road to Dublin (RR2D), which estimates the unobservable analytical covariance matrix (ACM) from a partially observed sample covariance matrix (SCM). RR2D exploits signal stationarity across the array and enforces physical measurement consistency using Dykstra's alternating projection algorithm with positive semidefinite, Toeplitz, and block constraints. The reconstructed virtual ACM enables a realizable hybrid SMI (HSMI) formulation that remains fully compatible with existing hybrid MVDR optimization frameworks. Empirical results for a 32 element hybrid array demonstrate both the expected degradation of HSMI implemented directly under prior HMVDR formulations and the performance gains achieved through RR2D. The proposed HSMI consistently outperforms previous hybrid SMI and partial digital baselines, achieving performance close to the HMVDR reference. Overall, RR2D bridges the gap between theoretical HMVDR formulations and practical hybrid hardware by enabling structured covariance reconstruction from incomplete observations.

波束成形矩阵补全阵列信号优化

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