跨序列胰腺分割存在严重性能崩溃,提出新基准验证该问题。
CrossPan: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Cross-Sequence Pancreas MRI Segmentation and Generalization

- 构建多中心3D MRI数据集,涵盖三种常见扫描序列。
- 跨序列迁移时模型性能从Dice>0.85骤降至<0.02。
- 基础模型因形状先验保持一定零样本能力,适合临床部署研究。
自动胰腺分割是腹部MRI分析的基础,但基于某一MRI序列训练的深度学习模型在应用于其他序列时往往表现灾难性下降——这一问题尚未得到系统研究。我们提出CrossPan,一个包含来自八个中心、1,386个3D扫描的多中心基准数据集,覆盖三种常规扫描序列(T1加权、T2加权、反相位)。实验揭示三个关键发现:首先,跨序列域偏移远比跨中心差异严重——模型在域内Dice分数超过0.85,在跨序列迁移时骤降至近零(<0.02)。其次,当前主流域泛化方法在物理驱动的对比度反转下几乎无效,而MedSAM2等基础模型通过对比度不变的形状先验维持中等零样本性能。第三,半监督学习仅在强度分布稳定时有效,面对高内部器官变异序列时变得不稳定。结果表明,跨序列泛化——而非模型结构或中心多样性——是临床可部署胰腺MRI分割的主要障碍。数据集与代码已公开于https://crosspan.netlify.app/。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automatic pancreas segmentation is fundamental to abdominal MRI analysis, yet deep learning models trained on one MRI sequence often fail catastrophically when applied to another-a challenge that has received little systematic investigation. We introduce CrossPan, a multi-institutional benchmark comprising 1,386 3D scans across three routinely acquired sequences (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and Out-of-Phase) from eight centers. Our experiments reveal three key findings. First, cross-sequence domain shifts are far more severe than cross-center variability: models achieving Dice scores above 0.85 in-domain collapse to near-zero (<0.02) when transferred across sequences. Second, state-of-the-art domain generalization methods provide negligible benefit under these physics-driven contrast inversions, whereas foundation models like MedSAM2 maintain moderate zero-shot performance through contrast-invariant shape priors. Third, semi-supervised learning offers gains only under stable intensity distributions and becomes unstable on sequences with high intra-organ variability. These results establish cross-sequence generalization-not model architecture or center diversity-as the primary barrier to clinically deployable pancreas MRI segmentation. Dataset and code are available at https://crosspan.netlify.app/.
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