用全局调度提升多领域模型专家分工,解决稀有数据表现差问题
Multi-Domain Learning with Global Expert Mapping

- 设计全局调度器替代传统路由,按数据集特性分配专家
- 在UODB基准上超越现有方法,稀有数据集准确率提升显著
- 适合需要跨领域鲁棒性的少样本学习场景
人类感知在不同领域间具有良好泛化能力,但多数视觉模型在训练数据之外表现不佳。为提升模型对领域变化的鲁棒性,需进行多数据集联合训练,但数据分布和标签语义不一致带来挑战。混合专家(MoE)模型通过将输入路由至专用子网络来实现可扩展性,然而现有方法因负载均衡机制强制均匀分配输入,导致专家间冗余学习,尤其在稀有或分布外数据上性能下降。本文提出GEM(Global Expert Mapping),一种规划-编译框架,以全局调度器取代学习型路由器。其规划器基于线性规划松弛计算数据集到专家的软分配,编译器通过分层取整生成确定性、容量感知的映射。该方法避免平衡损失,缓解公平与专精的矛盾,实现可解释路由。实验表明,GEM-DINO在UODB基准上达到当前最优性能,对未充分代表的数据集有显著提升,并有效缓解少样本适配中的任务干扰。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human perception generalizes well across different domains, but most vision models struggle beyond their training data. This gap motivates multi-dataset learning, where a single model is trained on diverse datasets to improve robustness under domain shifts. However, unified training remains challenging due to inconsistencies in data distributions and label semantics. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models provide a scalable solution by routing inputs to specialized subnetworks (experts). Yet, existing MoEs often fail to specialize effectively, as their load-balancing mechanisms enforce uniform input distribution across experts. This fairness conflicts with domain-aware routing, causing experts to learn redundant representations, and reducing performance especially on rare or out-of-distribution domains. We propose GEM (Global Expert Mapping), a planner-compiler framework that replaces the learned router with a global scheduler. Our planner, based on linear programming relaxation, computes a fractional assignment of datasets to experts, while the compiler applies hierarchical rounding to convert this soft plan into a deterministic, capacity-aware mapping. Unlike prior MoEs, GEM avoids balancing loss, resolves the conflict between fairness and specialization, and produces interpretable routing. Experiments show that GEM-DINO achieves state-of-the-art performance on the UODB benchmark, with notable gains on underrepresented datasets and solves task interference in few-shot adaptation scenarios.
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