通过多周期学习人机行为,联合优化任务调度与机器人运动路径。
Multi-Cycle Spatio-Temporal Adaptation in Human-Robot Teaming

- 建模个体空间行为与时间行为,实现多周期自适应
- 在仿真与真实机器人实验中提升效率并减少近距离接触
- 适合需长期协作的智能制造、人机共融场景
有效的人机协同对机器人在人类工作环境中的实际部署至关重要。然而,由于难以建模个体化的人类能力与偏好,优化人机联合计划仍具挑战。现有研究虽利用制造等领域的多周期结构来学习个体倾向并适应重复交互,但通常将任务级与运动级适应分开处理:任务级方法优化分配与调度,常忽略近距离场景的空间干扰;运动级方法关注避障,却忽视任务上下文。本文提出RAPIDDS框架,统一建模个体的空间行为(运动轨迹)与时间行为(任务耗时),在多周期基础上联合调整任务计划并引导扩散模型生成机器人动作,以最大化效率并最小化近距离交互。我们在仿真和7-DOF机械臂物理实验中验证了该方法的有效性。用户研究(n=32)表明,相比非自适应系统,本方法在效率、距离、流畅性及用户偏好等客观与主观指标上均有显著提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Effective human-robot teaming is crucial for the practical deployment of robots in human workspaces. However, optimizing joint human-robot plans remains a challenge due to the difficulty of modeling individualized human capabilities and preferences. While prior research has leveraged the multi-cycle structure of domains like manufacturing to learn an individual's tendencies and adapt plans over repeated interactions, these techniques typically consider task-level and motion-level adaptation in isolation. Task-level methods optimize allocation and scheduling but often ignore spatial interference in close-proximity scenarios; conversely, motion-level methods focus on collision avoidance while ignoring the broader task context. This paper introduces RAPIDDS, a framework that unifies these approaches by modeling an individual's spatial behavior (motion paths) and temporal behavior (time required to complete tasks) over multiple cycles. RAPIDDS then jointly adapts task schedules and steers diffusion models of robot motions to maximize efficiency and minimize proximity accounting for these individualized models. We demonstrate the importance of this dual adaptation through an ablation study in simulation and a physical robot scenario using a 7-DOF robot arm. Finally, we present a user study (n=32) showing significant plan improvement compared to non-adaptive systems across both objective metrics, such as efficiency and proximity, and subjective measures, including fluency and user preference. See this paper's companion video at: https://youtu.be/55Q3lq1fINs.
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