用量子神经网络在噪声量子机上实现期权定价,验证了其可行性。
Option Pricing on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers: A Quantum Neural Network Approach

- 构建2量子比特量子神经网络,直接在真实量子硬件上运行。
- 跨多平台测试显示,不同设备均能实现高精度期权定价近似。
- 为复杂金融模型的量子化扩展提供了实证基础,适合量子金融研究者。
在全球衍生品市场名义价值达数百万亿美元的背景下,定价模型的准确性与效率至关重要,直接影响风险控制、资本配置和监管合规。本文将黑-斯科尔斯-默顿(BSM)框架作为可控基准,严格评估量子机器学习方法的能力。提出一种基于量子神经网络(QNN)的全量子期权定价方法,并首次在现有量子硬件上实现该方案。通过利用希尔伯特空间的几何结构,探究QNN是否可有效逼近期权定价函数。实验采用紧凑的2量子比特架构,在多款先进量子处理器(包括IBM Fez、IQM Garnet、IonQ Forte和Rigetti Ankaa-3)上进行验证。跨平台研究表明,尽管受噪声中等规模量子(NISQ)硬件限制,不同设备仍表现出一致的准确定价能力。结果表明,基于QNN的方法在实际中具有可行性。尽管分析基于BSM设定,其更深远意义在于可拓展至更具现实性且计算成本更高的模型,如局部波动率、随机波动率及利率框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In a global derivatives market with notional values in the hundreds of trillions of dollars, the accuracy and efficiency of pricing models are of fundamental importance, with direct implications for risk management, capital allocation, and regulatory compliance. In this work, we employ the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) framework not as an end in itself, but as a controlled benchmark environment in which to rigorously assess the capabilities of quantum machine learning methods. We propose a fully quantum approach to option pricing based on Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs), and, to the best of our knowledge, present one of the first implementations of such a methodology on currently available quantum hardware. Specifically, we investigate whether QNNs, by exploiting the geometric structure of Hilbert space, can effectively approximate option pricing functions. Our implementation utilizes a compact 2-qubit QNN architecture evaluated across multiple state-of-the-art quantum processors, including IBM Fez, IQM Garnet, IonQ Forte, and Rigetti Ankaa-3. This cross-platform study reveals distinct hardware-dependent performance characteristics while demonstrating that accurate pricing approximations can be achieved consistently across different devices despite the constraints of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. The results provide empirical evidence that QNN-based approaches constitute a viable framework for derivative pricing. While the analysis is conducted within the BSM setting, the broader significance lies in the potential extension of these methods to more realistic and computationally demanding models, including local volatility, stochastic volatility, and interest rate frameworks commonly used in practice.
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