AI模拟流体不稳定性时会出现物理上荒谬的幻觉,新框架可有效抑制此类错误。
AI models of unstable flow exhibit hallucination

- 通过傅里叶神经算子与深度算子网络结合,实现全频谱学习平衡
- 在高流速和黏度对比下准确模拟指进分裂、合并与通道形成
- 适用于需要高保真物理模拟的复杂流体系统建模
我们首次系统揭示了流体动力学中人工智能模型存在幻觉现象,以经典的黏性指进问题为例。当流体不稳定时,快速演化、多尺度的指进模式难以精确解析,导致部分看似合理的解实则违反物理守恒定律,表现为虚假界面和逆向扩散。这些幻觉源于模型的谱偏差,在高流速和大黏度对比条件下尤为显著。基于此,我们提出DeepFingers框架,结合傅里叶神经算子与深度算子网络,通过时间与黏度对比条件化,学习跨不同工况下浓度场的时空演化映射。该方法能准确捕捉指端分裂、指进合并及通道形成,并保持全局混合度一致。研究揭示了物理系统中AI模型的根本局限,开辟了新的研究方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We report the first systematic evidence of hallucination in AI models of fluid dynamics, demonstrated in the canonical problem of hydrodynamically unstable transport known as viscous fingering. AI-based modeling of flow with instabilities remains challenging because rapidly evolving, multiscale fingering patterns are difficult to resolve accurately. We identify solutions that appear visually realistic yet are physically implausible, analogous to hallucinations in large language models. These hallucinations manifest as spurious fluid interfaces and reverse diffusion that violate conservation laws. We show that their origin lies in the spectral bias of AI models, which becomes dominant at high flow rates and viscosity contrasts. Guided by this insight, we introduce DeepFingers, a new framework for AI-driven fluid dynamics that enforces balanced learning across the full spectrum of spatial modes by combining the Fourier Neural Operator with a Deep Operator Network to predict the spatiotemporal evolution of viscous fingers. By conditioning on both time and viscosity contrast, DeepFingers learns mappings between successive concentration fields across regimes. The framework accurately captures tip splitting, finger merging, and channel formation while preserving global metrics of mixing. The results open a new research direction to investigate fundamental limitations in AI models of physical systems.
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