arXiv:2604.21068cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.mes-hall2026-04

用AI生成+物理验证,发现5种新型高介电常数材料,扩展了稀有功能材料空间。

Expanding the extreme-k dielectric materials space through physics-validated generative reasoning

  • 结合大模型生成与第一性原理计算,从化学空间中探索新物质
  • 发现5种介电常数超150的材料,其中一种达637,稳定至800K
  • 为数据稀缺场景下的新材料发现提供可扩展的新范式

最具技术影响力的材料往往极为稀有:它们存在于狭窄的化学空间中,受多重物理约束,且在现有数据库中分布稀疏。高κ介电材料、高温超导体和铁磁绝缘体即为典型代表。这种稀缺性严重制约了当前以数据驱动的材料发现,因机器学习模型擅长插值,却难以生成真正新颖的候选物。本文提出DielecMIND——一种将材料发现重构为推理驱动探索的人工智能框架。以数据稀缺且技术要求严苛的高κ介电材料为例,该框架首次结合大语言模型生成假设与物理验证的第一性原理计算,突破已知化合物的化学空间边界。此前仅有14种实验或计算验证的κ > 150材料被报道,本研究成功发现并验证5种新化合物,使该类稀有材料总量提升约35%。其中Ba2TiHfO6具有637的介电常数,低频下损耗极小,且稳定性高达800 K。该方法不仅拓展了介电材料领域,更展示了一种新的AI引导发现范式:生成少量物理合理、实验可行的候选物,即可显著扩展功能性材料的稀疏空间。因此,DielecMIND为数据匮乏条件下发现稀有高影响力功能材料提供了通用策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The most technologically consequential materials are often the rarest: they occupy narrow regions of chemical space, obey competing physical constraints, and appear only sparsely in existing databases. High-kappa dielectrics, high-Tc superconductors, and ferromagnetic insulators are to name a few. This scarcity fundamentally limits today's data-driven materials discovery, where machine-learning models excel at interpolation but struggle to generate genuinely new candidates. Here, we introduce DielecMIND, an artificial intelligence framework that reframes materials discovery as a reasoning-driven exploration instead of a database-screening problem. Using high-kappa dielectrics as a data-scarce and technologically stringent test case, DielecMIND combines large-language-model hypothesis generation for the first time with physics validated first-principles calculation to navigate chemical space beyond known compounds. Prior to our work, only 14 experimentally or computationally validated materials with kappa > 150 were known. Our framework discovers and validates 5 new such compounds, expanding this rare-materials class by a remarkable = 35% in a single study. Among them, we find that Ba2TiHfO6 exhibits a dielectric constant of 637, minimal loss at low optical frequencies, and stability up to 800 K. Beyond dielectrics, this work demonstrates a new paradigm for artificial-intelligence-guided discovery: one that generates a small number of physically grounded, experimentally plausible candidates yet measurably expands sparsely populated functional materials spaces. Thus, DielecMIND points toward a general strategy for discovering rare, high-impact functional materials where data scarcity has long constrained progress.

材料发现生成模型第一性原理高介电

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