量化循环Transformer中一次重复相当于多少独立参数，揭示其真实效率

We measure how much one recurrence is worth to a looped (depth-recurrent) transformer, in equivalent unique parameters. From an iso-depth pretraining sweep across recurrence counts $r \in \{1, 2, 4, 8\}$ spanning ${\sim}50\times$ in training compute, we fit a joint scaling law $L = E + A\,(N_\text{once} + r^φ N_\text{rec})^{-α} + B\,D^{-β}$ and measure a recurrence-equivalence exponent $φ= 0.46$. Intuitively, $φ$ tells us whether looping a block $r$ times is equivalent in validation loss to $r$ unique blocks of a non-looped model (full equivalence, $φ{=}1$) or to a single block run repeatedly with no capacity gain ($φ{=}0$). Our $φ= 0.46$ sits in between, so replacing unique blocks with shared recurrences increases validation loss at matched training compute. For example, at $r{=}4$ a 410M looped model performs on par with a 580M non-looped model, but incurs the training cost of a 1B non-looped one. We demonstrate the utility of $φ$ as a diagnostic tool on two case studies: commonly used truncated backpropagation lowers $φ$ to $0.38$, indicating that the loop mechanism is poorly trained under truncation, even though validation loss decreases. Conversely, hyperconnections raise $φ$ to $0.65$, a genuine capacity gain. Our method separates true loop improvements from training-side gains, a distinction raw validation loss cannot make.