为自主智能体设计专用链上基础设施，解决高并发服务调用的效率与信任难题。
AGNT2: Autonomous Agent Economies on Interaction-Optimized Layer 2 Infrastructure
- 采用侧车部署模式，无需修改代码即可将任意容器变为链上智能体
- 分层架构支持毫秒级点对点通信（<100ms）和每对5000TPS的吞吐量
- 将身份、声誉、会话等抽象为原生协议对象，专为智能体协作优化
当前区块链Layer 2解决方案（如Optimism、Arbitrum、zkSync）主要优化人类发起的金融交易。而自主AI智能体则产生高频、语义丰富的服务调用，涉及互不信任的参与方。现有链将这些交互视为通用calldata，导致身份、托管、依赖顺序和会话状态需在执行层之上编码，成本过高。本文提出AGNT2，一个专为智能体与微服务链上协同设计的三层架构：(1) 侧车部署模式，使任意Docker容器可不经代码修改即成为链上智能体；(2) Layer Top P2P状态通道（点对点对<100毫秒，单对设计目标1K-5K TPS，整体聚合超1000万TPS）、Layer Core依赖感知排序汇总链（首触与多方交互，500毫秒至2秒，30万-50万TPS设计目标），以及锚定任意EVM L1的计算欺诈证明结算层；(3) 原生智能体执行环境与交互默克尔树，使服务调用、身份、声誉、权限与会话上下文成为一级协议对象。本文聚焦执行层系统问题：排序、状态、结算与数据可用性（DA）带宽瓶颈。仿真与建模支持该架构，原型测量验证部分组件，但尚未实现端到端Layer Core。实际部署受限于DA吞吐，目前约1万-10万TPS，距目标上限仍有约100倍差距。AGNT2认为，智能体经济需要专用执行层，而非将通用链改造为智能体用途。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Current blockchain Layer 2 solutions, including Optimism, Arbitrum, zkSync, and their derivatives, optimize for human-initiated financial transactions. Autonomous AI agents instead generate high-frequency, semantically rich service invocations among mutually untrusting principals. Existing chains treat those interactions as generic calldata, forcing identity, escrow, dependency ordering, and session state to be encoded above the execution layer at the wrong cost point. We present AGNT2, a three-tier stack purpose-built for agent and microservice coordination on-chain. AGNT2 combines: (1) a sidecar deployment pattern that turns any Docker container into an on-chain agent without application-code modification; (2) Layer Top P2P state channels for established bilateral pairs (<100 ms, rough design target 1K-5K TPS per pair, 10M+ aggregate TPS design envelope under endpoint-resource limits), Layer Core as a dependency-aware sequenced rollup for first-contact and multi-party interactions (500 ms-2 s, 300K-500K TPS design target), and Layer Root settlement with computational fraud proofs anchored to any EVM L1; and (3) an agent-native execution environment plus interaction trie that make service invocation, identity, reputation, capabilities, and session context first-class protocol objects. This paper focuses on the execution-layer systems problem: sequencing, state, settlement, and the data-availability (DA) bandwidth gap that bounds all three. Simulation and analytical modeling support the architecture, and prototype measurements validate selected components, but no end-to-end Layer Core implementation exists yet. Practical deployment is currently constrained to roughly 10K-100K TPS by DA throughput, leaving a ~100x gap at the target ceiling. AGNT2 argues that the agent economy requires a dedicated execution layer rather than a general-purpose chain repurposed for agents.
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