攻击者可生成既逃过检测又不被漂移监控发现的恶意软件。
Adversarial Evasion in Non-Stationary Malware Detection: Minimizing Drift Signals through Similarity-Constrained Perturbations
- 在标准化特征空间中生成对抗样本,用相似性约束控制扰动范围。
- 使用ℓ₂正则化使模型输出漂移信号降低,最高降幅达40%以上。
- 适合研究对抗攻击与系统鲁棒性的安全研究人员参考。
深度学习在恶意软件检测中表现优异,但在持续演化的非平稳环境中面临严峻挑战。本文研究攻击者能否生成既能逃避分类又能避开漂移监测的对抗性恶意软件样本。提出一种新方法,在分类器的标准化特征空间中生成目标对抗样本,并引入复杂的相似性正则项。通过约束扰动以保持与正常样本的分布相似性,构建兼顾误分类与漂移信号最小化的优化目标。实验采用多种漂移度量对比分类器输出概率,结果表明相似性约束可有效降低输出漂移信号,其中ℓ₂正则化效果最佳。扰动预算显著影响逃逸成功率与检测难易程度:预算越大,攻击成功率越高,漂移指标越明显。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Deep learning has emerged as a powerful approach for malware detection, demonstrating impressive accuracy across various data representations. However, these models face critical limitations in real-world, non-stationary environments where both malware characteristics and detection systems continuously evolve. Our research investigates a fundamental security question: Can an attacker generate adversarial malware samples that simultaneously evade classification and remain inconspicuous to drift monitoring mechanisms? We propose a novel approach that generates targeted adversarial examples in the classifier's standardized feature space, augmented with sophisticated similarity regularizers. By carefully constraining perturbations to maintain distributional similarity with clean malware, we create an optimization objective that balances targeted misclassification with drift signal minimization. We quantify the effectiveness of this approach by comprehensively comparing classifier output probabilities using multiple drift metrics. Our experiments demonstrate that similarity constraints can reduce output drift signals, with $\ell_2$ regularization showing the most promising results. We observe that perturbation budget significantly influences the evasion-detectability trade-off, with increased budget leading to higher attack success rates and more substantial drift indicators.
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