arXiv:2604.21351cs.RO2026-04

让机器人像人一样在非自稳动作中“放轻”身体,通过自然接触环境保持平衡。

Learn Weightlessness: Imitate Non-Self-Stabilizing Motions on Humanoid Robot

论文配图:Learn Weightlessness: Imitate Non-Self-Stabilizing Motions on Humanoid Robot
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 模仿人体在非自稳动作中放松关节的生物机制,动态决定哪些关节该松、松到什么程度。
  • 在3种不同高度椅子、倾斜床和靠墙动作上,仅用单次演示训练即实现跨环境稳定执行。
  • 无需任务微调,适用于复杂交互场景,适合需要灵活适应环境的机器人研究者。

模仿学习与强化学习的结合已显著推动类人机器人全身控制的发展,实现了多样化的类人行为。然而,针对环境依赖性动作的研究仍有限。现有方法通常强制刚性轨迹跟踪,忽视与环境的物理交互。我们观察到人类在非自稳(NSS)动作中会主动进入一种“失重”状态——选择性放松特定关节,允许身体被动接触环境以实现稳定并完成动作。受此生物机制启发,我们设计了重量感状态自动标注策略用于数据集标注,并提出权重感机制(WM),动态判断应放松的关节及其程度,从而在执行目标动作时有效实现环境交互。我们在三个典型NSS任务上评估:坐不同高度的椅子、躺在不同倾角的床上、用手肘或肩膀靠墙。仿真与Unitree G1机器人上的大量实验表明,仅需单个动作示范训练且无需任务特化调优,该方法即可在多种环境配置下实现强泛化能力并保持动作稳定性。本工作弥合了精确轨迹跟踪与自适应环境交互之间的鸿沟,为高接触密度的人形机器人控制提供了一种生物启发式解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The integration of imitation and reinforcement learning has enabled remarkable advances in humanoid whole-body control, facilitating diverse human-like behaviors. However, research on environment-dependent motions remains limited. Existing methods typically enforce rigid trajectory tracking while neglecting physical interactions with the environment. We observe that humans naturally exploit a "weightless" state during non-self-stabilizing (NSS) motions--selectively relaxing specific joints to allow passive body--environment contact, thereby stabilizing the body and completing the motion. Inspired by this biological mechanism, we design a weightlessness-state auto-labeling strategy for dataset annotation; and we propose the Weightlessness Mechanism (WM), a method that dynamically determines which joints to relax and to what level, together enabling effective environmental interaction while executing target motions. We evaluate our approach on 3 representative NSS tasks: sitting on chairs of varying heights, lying down on beds with different inclinations, and leaning against walls via shoulder or elbow. Extensive experiments in simulation and on the Unitree G1 robot demonstrate that our WM method, trained on single-action demonstrations without any task-specific tuning, achieves strong generalization across diverse environmental configurations while maintaining motion stability. Our work bridges the gap between precise trajectory tracking and adaptive environmental interaction, offering a biologically-inspired solution for contact-rich humanoid control.

人形机器人模仿学习环境交互非自稳动作

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。