arXiv:2604.21541cs.RO2026-04

可变形轮腿人形机器人,能无缝切换行走与滚动模式。

X2-N: A Transformable Wheel-legged Humanoid Robot with Dual-mode Locomotion and Manipulation

论文配图:X2-N: A Transformable Wheel-legged Humanoid Robot with Dual-mode Locomotion and Manipulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过关节重构实现人形与轮腿形态自由切换
  • 动态滑行、爬楼梯、送快递任务均稳定完成
  • 适合需要灵活移动与操作的复杂场景应用

轮腿机器人结合了轮式运动的高效性与足式系统的适应性,可在连续和非连续地形上快速通行。然而,传统设计通常采用固定轮子作为脚部,髋关节自由度有限,导致足式运动时稳定性与机动性不如平足人形机器人。此外,多数平台缺少完整上肢,难以执行精细操作任务。本文提出X2-N,一种高自由度可变形机器人,具备双模态运动与操作能力。该机器人可在人形与轮腿形态间无缝变换,并基于强化学习(RL)设计了全身统一控制框架,支持混合运动、形态转换与操作的协同控制。我们在多种挑战性任务中验证了X2-N的性能,包括动态滑行、爬楼梯和包裹递送。结果表明,X2-N具有高运动效率、强地形适应性及稳定的运动-操作一体化表现,展现出实际部署潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Wheel-legged robots combine the efficiency of wheeled locomotion with the versatility of legged systems, enabling rapid traversal over both continuous and discrete terrains. However, conventional designs typically employ fixed wheels as feet and limited degrees of freedom (DoFs) at the hips, resulting in reduced stability and mobility during legged locomotion compared to humanoids with flat feet. In addition, most existing platforms lack a full upper body with arms, which limits their ability to perform dexterous manipulation tasks. In this letter, we present X2-N, a high-DoF transformable robot with dual-mode locomotion and manipulation. X2-N can operate in both humanoid and wheel-legged forms and transform seamlessly between them through joint reconfiguration. We further propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based whole-body control framework tailored to this morphology, enabling unified control across hybrid locomotion, transformation, and manipulation. We validate X2-N in a range of challenging locomotion and manipulation tasks, including dynamic skating-like motion, stair climbing and package delivery. Results demonstrate high locomotion efficiency, strong terrain adaptability, and stable loco-manipulation performance of X2-N, highlighting its potential for real-world deployment.

人形机器人可变形双模态运动强化学习

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。