arXiv:2604.21891eess.SYcs.AI2026-04被引 1

用Transformer预测72小时发电计划,加速电网调度求解。

A Multi-Stage Warm-Start Deep Learning Framework for Unit Commitment

论文配图:A Multi-Stage Warm-Start Deep Learning Framework for Unit Commitment
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用Transformer模型预测72小时机组启停方案。
  • 100%满足运行约束,计算速度显著提升。
  • 适合需要快速求解的电力系统调度场景。

维持电力供需实时平衡是电网可靠性和稳定性关键。系统运营商通过求解单元组合(Unit Commitment, UC)任务实现,该任务是受电网物理约束严格限制的高维大规模混合整数线性规划(MILP)问题。随着可变可再生能源和长时储能等新技术接入电网,UC需在多日时间尺度上优化,且可能需更高频率求解。因此,传统MILP求解器越来越难以在日益紧迫的操作时限内完成计算。为突破计算瓶颈,本文提出一种新型多阶段温启动深度学习框架,采用基于Transformer的架构预测72小时内的发电机启停计划。由于高维空间中的原始预测常导致物理不可行结果,该流程将自注意力网络与确定性后处理启发式算法结合,系统性地满足最小启停时间并最小化冗余容量。最终,这些优化后的预测作为下游MILP求解器的温启动初始解,并通过置信度驱动的变量固定策略大幅缩减组合搜索空间。在单节点测试系统上验证,整个多阶段流程实现100%可行性,且显著加快计算速度。值得注意的是,在约20%的测试实例中,该模型生成的可行调度方案整体系统成本低于仅依赖求解器的结果。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Maintaining instantaneous balance between electricity supply and demand is critical for reliability and grid instability. System operators achieve this through solving the task of Unit Commitment (UC),ca high dimensional large-scale Mixed-integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem that is strictly and heavily governed by the grid physical constraints. As grid integrate variable renewable sources, and new technologies such as long duration storage in the grid, UC must be optimally solved for multi-day horizons and potentially with greater frequency. Therefore, traditional MILP solvers increasingly struggle to compute solutions within these tightening operational time limits. To bypass these computational bottlenecks, this paper proposes a novel framework utilizing a transformer-based architecture to predict generator commitment schedules over a 72-hour horizon. Also, because raw predictions in highly dimensional spaces often yield physically infeasible results, the pipeline integrates the self-attention network with deterministic post-processing heuristics that systematically enforce minimum up/down times and minimize excess capacity. Finally, these refined predictions are utilized as a warm start for a downstream MILP solver, while employing a confidence-based variable fixation strategy to drastically reduce the combinatorial search space. Validated on a single-bus test system, the complete multi-stage pipeline achieves 100\% feasibility and significantly accelerates computation times. Notably, in approximately 20\% of test instances, the proposed model reached a feasible operational schedule with a lower overall system cost than relying solely on the solver.

电力系统调度优化Transformer

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