arXiv:2604.22195cs.IR2026-04中稿 · SIGIR 2026

别只靠对齐,让语义和协同信号各留特点才能更好推荐。

Rethinking Semantic Collaborative Integration: Why Alignment Is Not Enough

论文配图:Rethinking Semantic Collaborative Integration: Why Alignment Is Not Enough
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 把语义与协同表示看作部分共享、本质不同,保留各自独特信息。
  • 实验证明两者在物品级别匹配度低,融合后性能提升显著。
  • 适合做推荐系统升级,尤其数据稀疏时更需关注互补性而非对齐。

大语言模型已成为现代推荐系统的重要语义基础设施。当前主流方法通过表征对齐将LLM生成的语义嵌入与协同表示结合,隐含假设二者编码同一潜在实体,且对齐越强效果越好。我们形式化这一假设为全局低复杂度对齐假说,指出其过强且常与真实推荐场景结构不符。本文提出新视角:语义与协同表示是部分共享但本质异构的视图,均包含共享与视图特有因子。在此共享加私有潜结构下,强制全局几何对齐可能破坏局部结构、抑制视图特有信号并降低信息多样性。为此,我们设计互补感知诊断工具,量化重叠度、独有贡献及理论融合上限。在稀疏推荐基准上的分析显示,语义与协同视图在物品级别一致性低,且存在显著的虚拟融合增益,表明强互补性。进一步控制对齐实验表明,低容量映射仅捕捉共享成分,难以恢复完整协同几何,尤其在分布偏移下表现差。这些发现提示:对齐不应作为默认集成原则。我们主张从对齐中心转向互补融合中心,选择性整合共享因子同时保留私有信号。这一重构为下一代LLM增强推荐系统提供原则基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) have become an important semantic infrastructure for modern recommender systems. A prevailing paradigm integrates LLM-derived semantic embeddings with collaborative representations via representation alignment, implicitly assuming that the two views encode a shared latent entity and that stronger alignment yields better results. We formalize this assumption as the global low-complexity alignment hypothesis and argue that it is stronger than necessary and often structurally mismatched with real-world recommendation settings. We propose a complementary perspective in which semantic and collaborative representations are treated as partially shared yet fundamentally heterogeneous views, each containing both shared and view-specific factors. Under this shared-plus-private latent structure, enforcing global geometric alignment may distort local structure, suppress view-specific signals, and reduce informational diversity. To support this perspective, we develop complementarity-aware diagnostics that quantify overlap, unique-hit contribution, and theoretical fusion upper bounds. Empirical analyses on sparse recommendation benchmarks reveal low item-level agreement between semantic and collaborative views and substantial oracle fusion gains, indicating strong complementarity. Furthermore, controlled alignment probes show that low-capacity mappings capture only shared components and fail to recover full collaborative geometry, especially under distribution shift. These findings suggest that alignment should not be treated as the default integration principle. We advocate a shift from alignment-centric modeling to complementarity fusion-centric, complementarity-aware design, where shared factors are selectively integrated while private signals are preserved. This reframing provides a principled foundation for the next generation of LLM-enhanced recommender systems.

推荐系统大模型语义融合互补性

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