算法智能筛选关键特征,辅助人类决策而非直接推荐。
Algorithmic Feature Highlighting for Human-AI Decision-Making

- 设计受限信息策略,动态选择少量关键特征供人查看。
- 针对简单模型,优化复杂人类代理时计算不可行,但对普通用户可行。
- 为实际部署设计鲁棒方案,避免因人类理解差异导致效果崩坏。
在复杂决策场景中,人类面对大量潜在相关特征,但信息处理能力有限。本文研究一种算法,不直接给出预测或建议,而是智能突出少数与具体案例相关的特征供人关注。将特征突出建模为受约束的信息策略,即选择少量特征揭示。核心问题是:人类如何解读算法的选特征行为?理性个体会根据选择规则进行条件推断,而普通个体仅基于揭示的特征值更新认知,视选择过程为外部事件。我们证明,在简单离散二值设定下,为理性个体优化突出策略可能计算上不可行;但若最大带宽固定,为普通个体优化则具有可解性。此外,为理性个体最优的策略在部署给普通个体时可能表现极差,凸显了设计稳健、可实施方案的重要性。通过基于美国住房调查的校准实证分析验证框架有效性。总体表明,动态突出上下文相关特征,相比固定特征集,是一种实用且计算可行的人机协同工具。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human decision-makers often face choices about complex cases with many potentially relevant features, but limited bandwidth to inspect and integrate all available information. In such settings, we study algorithms that highlight a small subset of case-specific features for human consideration, rather than producing a single prediction or recommendation. We model highlighting as a constrained information policy that selects a small number of features to reveal. A central issue is how humans interpret the algorithm's choice of features: a sophisticated agent correctly conditions on the selection rule, while a naive agent updates only on revealed feature values and treats the selection event as exogenous. We show that optimizing highlighting for sophisticated agents can be computationally intractable, even in simple discrete and binary settings, whereas optimizing for naive agents is tractable as long as the maximal bandwidth is fixed. We also show that a highlighting policy that is optimal for sophisticated agents can perform arbitrarily poorly when deployed to naive agents, motivating robust, implementable alternatives. We illustrate our framework in a calibrated empirical exercise based on the American Housing Survey. Overall, our results establish the value of highlighting a context-specific set of features rather than a fixed one as a practically appealing and computationally feasible tool for achieving human-algorithm complementarity.
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