提出多层级世界模型框架,统一智能体建模环境的理论与实践。
Agentic World Modeling: Foundations, Capabilities, Laws, and Beyond

- 分三级能力:预测、模拟、自修正,对应不同任务需求
- 划分四类规律域:物理、数字、社会、科学,决定模型约束条件
- 整合400+研究,为智能体系统提供可复现的评估与设计指南
随着人工智能系统从生成文本转向通过持续交互达成目标,建模环境动态成为核心瓶颈。能够操作物体、导航软件、协作或设计实验的智能体需要具备预测性环境模型,但‘世界模型’在不同研究领域含义各异。本文提出‘层级×规律’分类框架,第一维定义三级能力:L1预测器,学习单步局部转移算子;L2模拟器,组合算子生成多步、动作条件化的推演,遵循领域规律;L3演化者,在预测失败时自主修正自身模型。第二维识别四类主导规律:物理、数字、社会、科学,决定模型必须满足的约束及其最可能失效的位置。基于此框架,我们综合超过400项工作,总结100多个代表性系统,涵盖基于模型的强化学习、视频生成、网页与图形界面代理、多智能体社会模拟及人工智能驱动的科学发现。分析各层级-规律对的方法、失效模式与评估实践,提出以决策为中心的评估原则与最小可复现评估包,并给出架构指导、开放问题与治理挑战。该路线图连接了原本孤立的研究社区,推动从被动下一步预测迈向能模拟乃至重塑环境的智能体世界模型。代码与资源见:https://github.com/matrix-agent/awesome-agentic-world-modeling。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As AI systems move from generating text to accomplishing goals through sustained interaction, the ability to model environment dynamics becomes a central bottleneck. Agents that manipulate objects, navigate software, coordinate with others, or design experiments require predictive environment models, yet the term world model carries different meanings across research communities. We introduce a "levels x laws" taxonomy organized along two axes. The first defines three capability levels: L1 Predictor, which learns one-step local transition operators; L2 Simulator, which composes them into multi-step, action-conditioned rollouts that respect domain laws; and L3 Evolver, which autonomously revises its own model when predictions fail against new evidence. The second identifies four governing-law regimes: physical, digital, social, and scientific. These regimes determine what constraints a world model must satisfy and where it is most likely to fail. Using this framework, we synthesize over 400 works and summarize more than 100 representative systems spanning model-based reinforcement learning, video generation, web and GUI agents, multi-agent social simulation, and AI-driven scientific discovery. We analyze methods, failure modes, and evaluation practices across level-regime pairs, propose decision-centric evaluation principles and a minimal reproducible evaluation package, and outline architectural guidance, open problems, and governance challenges. The resulting roadmap connects previously isolated communities and charts a path from passive next-step prediction toward world models that can simulate, and ultimately reshape, the environments in which agents operate. Code and resources are available at: https://github.com/matrix-agent/awesome-agentic-world-modeling.
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