解析欧盟AI法案如何保障公共部门用AI时的合法性与透明度。
Algorithmic Administration and the EU AI Act: Legal Principles for Public Sector Use of AI
- 从行政法角度分析AI法案对裁量权、说明理由等原则的影响。
- 指出高风险领域如社会福利、执法中需强化问责与可审查性。
- 适合关注AI治理、公共政策与法律合规的研究者和从业者。
公共部门越来越多使用人工智能带来了创新机遇，也对行政法治构成挑战。本文研究欧盟AI法案如何与行政法基本原则互动，重点关注行政裁量权、说明理由义务及比例原则。文章分析了该法案对高风险系统（如社会福利、移民、教育、执法等领域）部署方的监管要求，并探讨其是否足以保障自动化决策中的责任追究、透明度与可审查性。此外，还评估了风险分级方法与比例原则的契合度，并提出确保公共部门AI合伦理、合法使用的保障措施与解释策略。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) by public authorities introduces both opportunities for innovation and significant challenges for the administrative rule of law. This article examines how the EU AI Act interacts with the fundamental principles of administrative law, with a particular focus on administrative discretion, the duty to state reasons, and proportionality. It analyses the regulatory obligations imposed by the AI Act on public sector deployers of high-risk systems, especially in sensitive domains such as social benefits, migration, education, and law enforcement. It also explores whether the AI Act adequately ensures accountability, transparency, and reviewability in automated public decision-making. The article further considers how the AI Act's risk-based approach aligns (or fails to align) with the principle of proportionality and it proposes safeguards and interpretative strategies to ensure the ethical and lawful deployment of AI in the public sector.
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