车辆间用小语言模型共享意图,降低延迟并提升自动驾驶可靠性。
SwarmDrive: Semantic V2V Coordination for Latency-Constrained Cooperative Autonomous Driving

- 本地小模型在高不确定性时交换紧凑意图分布,通过事件触发共识融合。
- 在遮挡路口场景下,成功率从68.9%提升至94.1%,延迟降至151.4毫秒。
- 适合追求低延迟、高鲁棒性的车路协同系统研究者参考。
云端大模型推理会引入往返延迟且依赖稳定连接,而纯本地边缘模型在遮挡场景下表现不佳。我们提出SwarmDrive,一种基于语义的车车(V2V)协同框架:附近车辆运行本地小型语言模型(SLMs),仅在不确定度高时共享紧凑意图分布,并通过事件触发式共识进行融合。我们在一个包含单个遮挡交叉口的5次可执行实验中评估该框架,结合匹配操作点对比与鲁棒性测试。在6G通信设定下(“Swarm 6G”),相比单个本地SLM,成功率由68.9%提升至94.1%,延迟从510毫秒的云参考降至151.4毫秒。然而,参与车辆增多会导致通信开销和丢包率上升。对群组规模、丢包率及熵阈值的消融测试表明,协作增益在各类条件下均成立,最优平衡点约为4辆车的活跃群组规模与0.65的熵触发阈值。结果表明,在目标交叉口场景下,语义边缘协同可在严苛延迟约束下有效工作,但尚未构成真实6G栈的部署级验证。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Cloud-hosted LLM inference for autonomous driving adds round-trip delay and depends on stable connectivity, while purely local edge models struggle under occlusion. We present SwarmDrive, a semantic Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) coordination framework in which nearby vehicles run local Small Language Models (SLMs), share compact intent distributions only when uncertainty is high, and fuse them through event-triggered consensus. We evaluate SwarmDrive in a 5-seed executable study built around one occluded intersection case, combining matched operating-point comparisons with robustness sweeps. In that setting, SwarmDrive under its 6G communication setting ("Swarm 6G") raises success from 68.9% to 94.1% over a single local SLM while reducing latency from a 510 ms cloud reference to 151.4 ms. However, an increased number of participating vehicles leads to higher communication overhead and packet loss. SwarmDrive also evaluates the impact of swarm-size, packet-loss, and entropy-threshold sweeps and shows that the cooperative gain holds across ablations and is best balanced near an active swarm size of 4 vehicles and an entropy trigger threshold of 0.65 in the current prototype. These results show that semantic edge cooperation can work under tight latency constraints in the targeted intersection case, but they are not a deployment-grade validation of a real 6G stack.
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