arXiv:2604.23036cs.LGcs.CL2026-04被引 1

不靠额外损失函数,让稀有专家知识在混合专家模型中更好保留。

Preserving Long-Tailed Expert Information in Mixture-of-Experts Tuning

论文配图:Preserving Long-Tailed Expert Information in Mixture-of-Experts Tuning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用偏向性稀疏化+始终活跃的压缩专家,避免路由层崩溃。
  • 在数学推理和常识问答上平均提升2.5%以上,优于现有方法。
  • 适合需要保留长尾知识的大型混合专家模型微调场景。

尽管混合专家(MoE)模型在多个基准上表现优异,但其监督微调(SFT)仍面临路由层脆弱的问题。现有方法如DenseMixer和ESFT通过密集混合或辅助负载均衡损失缓解路由崩溃,但引入噪声梯度常导致性能下降。初步实验表明,即使某些专家激活频率极低,舍弃它们仍会造成显著性能损失,说明稀有专家蕴含对下游任务有用的重要知识。为此,我们提出一种无辅助损失的MoE SFT框架,结合偏置驱动的稀疏化与始终活跃的门控压缩专家。该方法不强制所有专家均衡激活,而是鼓励任务相关专家保持活跃,同时推动长尾专家趋于沉默。压缩专家提供持续可学习路径,缓解梯度饥饿,促进原本分散在稀疏激活专家中的信息整合。分析表明,该设计更有效保留长尾专家信息。大规模MoE模型实验显示,本方法超越当前最优基线(如DenseMixer和ESFT),在数学推理与commonsenseQA基准上平均提升2.5%以上。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Despite MoE models leading many benchmarks, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) for the MoE architectures remains difficult because its router layers are fragile. Methods such as DenseMixer and ESFT mitigate router collapse with dense mixing or auxiliary load-balancing losses, but these introduce noisy gradients that often degrade performance. In preliminary experiments, we systematically pruned experts and observed that while certain super experts are activated far more frequently, discarding less used experts still leads to notable performance degradation. This suggests that even rarely activated experts encode non-trivial knowledge useful for downstream tasks. Motivated by this, we propose an auxiliary-loss-free MoE SFT framework that combines bias-driven sparsification with always-active gated condenser experts. Rather than enforcing balanced activation across all experts, our method encourages task-relevant experts to remain active while pushing long-tailed experts toward inactivity. The condenser experts provide a persistent, learnable pathway that alleviates gradient starvation and facilitates consolidation of information that would otherwise remain fragmented across sparsely activated experts. Analysis further suggest that this design better preserves long-tailed expert information under sparse routing. Experiments on large-scale MoE models demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art SFT baselines such as DenseMixer and ESFT, achieving average gain of 2.5%+ on both mathematical reasoning and commonsenseQA benchmarks.

混合专家微调长尾知识路由优化

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