arXiv:2604.23108cs.CLcs.AI2026-04ACL

让大模型专家按任务难易自动选不同大小的专家,省资源还均衡分配算力。

Mixture of Heterogeneous Grouped Experts for Language Modeling

论文配图:Mixture of Heterogeneous Grouped Experts for Language Modeling
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分两级路由,让不同复杂度的词元匹配最合适的专家组。
  • 参数量减少约20%,推理效率提升且各显卡负载均衡。
  • 适合追求高效部署的大模型应用,如工业级语言服务。

基于混合专家(MoE)的大语言模型在工业应用中至关重要,因其能高效扩展性能。然而,标准MoE强制所有专家规模一致,难以匹配不同词元的计算复杂度。虽有异构专家架构尝试解决此问题,但常导致显卡利用率不均和参数浪费,影响实际部署。为此,我们提出混合异构分组专家(MoHGE),引入两级路由机制,实现灵活、资源感知的专家组合。为优化推理效率,提出组级辅助损失,根据任务难度动态引导词元至最高效的专家组。为解决显卡负载不平衡问题,设计全尺寸分组解耦分配策略与组内专家辅助损失,确保各显卡计算分布均匀。大量实验表明,MoHGE在保持与传统MoE相当性能的同时,总参数量降低约20%,并维持良好的显卡利用率。本工作建立了一种可扩展的资源高效MoE设计范式,为真实场景中的推理成本优化提供实用方案。代码已公开于https://github.com/UnicomAI/MoHGE。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) are pivotal in industrial applications for their ability to scale performance efficiently. However, standard MoEs enforce uniform expert sizes,creating a rigidity that fails to align computational costs with varying token-level complexity. While heterogeneous expert architectures attempt to address this by diversifying expert sizes, they often suffer from significant system-level challenges, specifically unbalanced GPU utilization and inefficient parameter utilization, which hinder practical deployment. To bridge the gap between theoretical heterogeneity and robust industrial application, we propose Mixture of Heterogeneous Grouped Experts (MoHGE) which introduces a two-level routing mechanism to enable flexible, resource-aware expert combinations. To optimize inference efficiency, we propose a Group-Wise Auxiliary Loss, which dynamically steers tokens to the most parameter-efficient expert groups based on task difficulty. To address the critical deployment challenge of GPU load balancing, we introduce an All-size Group-decoupling Allocation strategy coupled with an Intra-Group Experts Auxiliary Loss. These mechanisms collectively ensure uniform computation distribution across GPUs. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that MoHGE matches the performance of MoE architectures while reducing the total parameters by approximately 20% and maintaining balanced GPU utilization. Our work establishes a scalable paradigm for resource-efficient MoE design, offering a practical solution for optimizing inference costs in real-world scenarios. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/UnicomAI/MoHGE.

大模型MoE推理优化资源效率

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