arXiv:2604.23134cs.LG2026-04

用分层网络捕捉药物分子结合细节,提升亲和力预测精度。

h-MINT: Modeling Pocket-Ligand Binding with Hierarchical Molecular Interaction Network

论文配图:h-MINT: Modeling Pocket-Ligand Binding with Hierarchical Molecular Interaction Network
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 提出重叠分词法,保留化学环境中的立体、孤对电子等关键信息。
  • 在多个数据集上提升亲和力预测相关系数2-4%,虚拟筛选准确率提高1-3%。
  • 适合需要精细建模分子相互作用的药物研发人员使用。

精确的分子表征对药物发现至关重要,核心挑战在于捕捉分子片段的化学环境,因为氢键、π堆积等关键相互作用仅在特定局部条件下发生。现有方法多将分子表示为原子级图,难以表达高阶化学上下文(如立体化学、孤对电子、共轭体系)。基于片段的方法(如主子图、预定义官能团)又会丢失手性、芳香性、离子态等重要信息。本文从两方面改进:(i) 提出一种新型数据驱动的分子分词方法——重叠BPE(OverlapBPE),允许片段重叠,反映小分子子结构边界模糊的本质,并在词粒度上融入丰富化学信息,从而更完整地保留化学上下文;(ii) 构建分层分子互作网络(h-MINT),以应对重叠分词带来的原子-片段多对多映射问题。该模型可同时建模原子与片段层面的相互作用。大量实验表明,相比现有最优方法,本方法在PDBBind和LBA数据集上使结合亲和力预测的皮尔逊/斯皮尔曼相关系数提升2-4%,在DUD-E和LIT-PCBA上的虚拟筛选关键指标提升1-3%,在PubChem高通量筛选任务中表现最佳。进一步分析显示,该方法有效捕捉交互信息且具备良好泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate molecular representations are critical for drug discovery, and a central challenge lies in capturing the chemical environment of molecular fragments, as key interactions, such as H-bond and π stacking, occur only under specific local conditions. Most existing approaches represent molecules as atom-level graphs; however, atom-level representations can hardly express higher-order chemical context (e.g., stereochemistry, lone pairs, conjugation). Fragment-based methods (e.g., principal subgraph, predefined functional groups) fail to preserve essential information such as chirality, aromaticity, and ionic states. This work addresses these limitations from two aspects. (i) OverlapBPE tokenization. We propose a novel data-driven molecule tokenization method. Unlike existing approaches, our method allows overlapping fragments, reflecting the inherently fuzzy boundaries of small-molecule substructures and, together with enriched chemical information at the token level, thereby preserving a more complete chemical context. (ii) h-MINT model. OverlapBPE induces many-to-many atom-fragment mappings, which necessitate a new hierarchical architecture. We therefore develop a hierarchical molecular interaction network capable of jointly modeling interactions at both atom and fragment levels. By supporting fragment overlaps, the model naturally accommodates the many-to-many atom-fragment mappings introduced by the OverlapBPE scheme. Extensive evaluation against state-of-the-art methods shows our method improves binding affinity prediction by 2-4% Pearson/Spearman correlation on PDBBind and LBA, enhances virtual screening by 1-3% in key metrics on DUD-E and LIT-PCBA, and achieves the best overall HTS performance on PubChem assays. Further analysis demonstrates that our method effectively captures interactive information while maintaining good generalization.

分子建模药物发现深度学习分层网络

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